Unit 4 Earthquake
Reading: A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
教材分析
本单元的中心话题是earthquake.课文的标题是a night the earth didn’t sleep.文章讲述了1976年7月28日凌晨发生在河北省东北部唐山市的大地震。通过对震前征兆，地震发生和震后救援的具体描述，向我们再现了唐山大地震这场惨重的自然灾害。
1. 文本特征
本文的标题是a night the earth didn’t sleep从标题较难以猜测出文章的内容，但文章配有一幅插图，一片废墟中几个人正在尽力挖掘，学生可以猜测出课文讲的是地震。文本的前一页有和主题相关的四幅图片，讲的是地震前自然界中的特殊现象，这四幅图与文章的首段关系密切，可以用在读前活动中，让学生对文章的内容加以预测。
2. 文本特点
1） 从文本的语言来看，文章篇幅较长，新词较多。但新词的意
义较为单一，多数是一些具体的实物，如well, crack, pipe, steam, dirt, canal, brick, dam, track, mine, shelter需要学生预习。因为文章描述地震前的异常现象和地震中实物遭到破坏的语言较多，如果不认识上述词汇，会造成理解上的困难。还有些动词影响理解，如burst, injure, rescue, trap, dig out, bury 这些词汇可以在warming up部分通过图片铺垫。另外文本中有一些句子较难理解，需要教师在careful reading中
讲解归纳。如
But one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. In fifteen terrible seconds, the city lay in ruins. All hope was not lost.
2） 从文本的结构来看，文章结构清晰。每一段段首为较为明显
的主题句，可以让学生快速阅读找topic sentences.首段讲述地震中的异常现象有很多结构相似的句子，学生可以快速的找到the water in the village wells, the chickens, the pigs ,mice ,fish, the water pipe分别有什么异常现象。第二段中出现了很多描述地震数据，可以通过找读让学生找到这些数据所说明的事实。
3） 从文本的内容来看，全文分为四段：第一段讲地震前夕，唐
山地区发生的一系列反常的现象，这些“怪事”其实都是地震前的预兆，可惜在当时并没有引起人们的注意和警觉。第二段讲的是20世纪最大的一场地震在唐山市就发生了，短短的15秒钟地震就几乎将整个城市夷为平地，伤亡人数达到40多万！第三段地震后城市一片凄惨，紧接着下午又发生了一次强烈的余震，幸存者感到悲哀的同时又产生了惊恐与不安。第四段讲在的救援和全国各地的支援和帮助下，被地震摧毁的城市又开始得以复苏。
3. 阅读策略
文本分为四段，每一段有较为清晰的主题句，可以使用skimming快速阅读。首段和第二段中自然界中的异常现象以及数据可以用scanning扫读。文本中的复杂句子需要careful reading，教师进行讲解归纳。
4. 学情分析
1） 学生在生活中积累了一些对地震的认识，所以对于这个话题
比较熟悉，但对于唐山大地震的了解较少，相比而言，他们更了解汶川地震。可以从汶川地震导入。
2） 文章篇幅较长，新词较多，但多数新词是描述具体实物的名
词，需要学生提前预习，否则会给学生的阅读理解形成一定的障碍。
3） 高一年级学生具有一定的词汇基础和阅读策略，但整体基础
薄弱，阅读速度较慢，对于skimming和scanning 不太熟悉，需要教师进行阅读策略的指导。
5. 阅读教学的重点与难点
1） 利用skimming快速阅读寻找每段的topic sentence. 2） 利用scanning 找出地震前的异常现象，通过文本阅读，帮
助学生树立观察自然，发现异常的思维与意识。 3） 详细阅读文本第二段第三段，了解地震造成的巨大损失 4） 引导学生建立地震无情人有情的意识，灾后要发扬互助精神，
共度难关。
5） 引导学生思考如何减少地震带来的伤亡与损失。
教学目标
1. Students will be able to grasp some new words and expressions in the passage. (burst, ruin, at an end ,think little of , shock ,rescue, trap ,bury ,shelter.ect. )
2. Students will be able to work out the main idea of each paragraph by skimming.
3. Students will be able to find the strange things before the earthquake, details of the earthquake, and rescue work after the earthquake by scanning.
4. Students will be able to work out ways to reduce deaths and injuries in earthquakes.
教学活动设计
Pre-reading stage. 活动1 Brainstorm
1. What can you think of when you see the number 5.12? (Wenchuan earthquake)
Yes, On May 12th, 2008, 14:28, a big earthquake happened in Wenchuan, Sichuan province(通过数字5.12，快速导入主题earthquake)
2. Show students some pictures of Wenchuan earthquake and ask students to describe the pictures.
让学生描述图片，激发学生头脑中关于地震的图式，导入词汇crack, destroy，fall down, ruins, injure, soldiers, doctors, rescue, trap, bury, etc. 过渡到本单元课文a night the earth didn’t sleep. 过渡语：As we can see from the pictures, earthquakes are horrible. Buildings fell down and many people got injured and even died. Today let’s learn another earthquake in China’s history, Tangshan earthquake, which happened in 1976 in Hebei Province.
3. Before reading the passage, let’s think about this question: Are there any signs of earthquake? What strange things would happen before an earthquake?( ask students to describe the picture)
While-reading stage.
活动1. Skimming: give students 1 minute to read the passage quickly and find out the topic sentence of each paragraph, pay special attention to the first two sentences of each paragraph.
Para.1 Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast
Hebei
Para.2 It seemed as if the world was at an end.
Para.3 Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. Para.4 All hope was not lost.
活动2. Scanning: read Paragraph 1 quickly and find out the strange things before the earthquake. Join the correct parts of the sentence
the water in the wells ran out the fields chickens and pigs cracked and burst mice were to nervous to eat fish rose and fell the water pipe jumped out of their ponds
T: What’s people’s reaction to the strange things?
S: But one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
活动3: Scanning: read paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 and fill in the blanks.
❖ of the nation felt the earthquake .
❖ A huge crack that was kilometers long and meters wide cut across houses.
❖ In __terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. ❖ of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.
❖ The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than .
❖ All of the city’s hospitals, _ of its factories and buildings and of its homes were gone 活动3:Read paragraph 3 and find out more damage
All of the city's hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.
Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
Dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for traveling.
The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.
Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead.
活动4：Read paragraph 4 and find out what was done to help the people in Tangshan?
The army sent 150.000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Most of the 10.000 miners were rescued from the coal mines Workers built shelter for survivors Fresh water was taken to the city … 活动1：Pair work
Choose a paragraph and act out an interview between a reporter and a survivor from the Tangshan earthquake. EXAMPLES Paragragh1
REPORTER: Did you notice anything strange before the earthquake? SURVIVOR: There were some strange things... 活动2： Group discussion
What can we do to reduce deaths and injuries in earthquakes? If I were a scientist, I would…
If I were a construction worker, I would…
If I were a teacher, I would…
If I were a doctor/a solider/ a farmer/ a weather reporter, I would.. 回家作业
1. Listen to the tape and read the text aloud at least three times. 2. Finish exercise 1 and exercise 3 on page 28.
3. Write a composition on the topic of the group discussion: what can we do to reduce damage and injuries in earthquakes?
