大学英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷37(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷37 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

GPS The Global Positioning System is a space-based triangulation system using satellites and computers to measure positions anywhere on earth. It is first and foremost a defense system developed by the United States Department of Defense, and is referred to as the “Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System” or NAVSTAR GPS. The uniqueness of this navigational system is that it avoids the limitations of other land-based systems such as limited geographic coverage, lack of continuous 24-hour coverage, and the limited accuracies of other related navigational instruments. The high accuracies obtainable with the Global Positioning System also make it a precision survey instrument. GPS Components: the Space Segment, the Control Segment, and the User Segment. Space Segment The Space Segment of the system consists of the GPS satellites. These space vehicles (SVs) send radio signals from space. The GPS Operational Constellation consists of 24 satellites that orbit the earth in 12 hours. There are often more than 24 operational satellites as new ones are launched to replace older satellites. The satellite orbits repeat almost the same ground track (as the earth turns beneath them) once each day. The orbit altitude is such that the satellites repeat the same track and area over any point approximately each 24 hours (4 minutes earlier each day). There are six orbital planes (with four SVs in each), equally spaced (60 degrees apart), and inclined at about fifty-five degrees with respect to the equatorial (赤道的) plane. This constellation provides the user with between five and eight SVs visible from any point on the earth. Control Segment The Control Segment consists of a system of tracking stations located around the world. The Master Control facility is located at Schriever Air Force Base (formerly Falcon AFB) in Colorado. These monitor stations measure signals from the SVs which are incorporated into orbital models for each satellites. The models compute precise orbital data and SV clock corrections for each satellite. The Master Control station uploads orbital data and clock data to the SVs. The SVs then send subsets of the orbital ephemeris (星历表) data to GPS receivers over radio signals. User Segment The GPS User Segment consists of the GPS receivers and the user community. GPS receivers change SV signals into position, speed, and time estimates. Four satellites are required to compute the four dimensions of X, Y, Z (position) and Time. GPS receivers are used for navigation, positioning, time distribution, and other research. Navigation in three dimensions is the primary function of GPS. Navigation receivers are made for aircraft, ships, ground

vehicles, and for hand carrying by individuals. Precise positioning is possible using GPS receivers at reference locations providing corrections and relative positioning data for remote receivers. Surveying, geodetic control, and plate tectonic studies are examples. Time and frequency distribution, based on the precise clocks on board the SVs and controlled by the monitor stations, is another use for GPS. Astronomical observatories, telecommunications facilities, and laboratory standards can be set to precise time signals or controlled to accurate frequencies by special purpose GPS receivers. Research projects have used GPS signals to measure atmospheric parameters. GPS Accuracy At present the system consists of 24 satellites at an altitude of about 20,000 km having an orbital inclination of 55 degrees. The orbits are almost circular and it takes 12 hours for a satellite to complete a pass around the Earth. GPS signals are broadcast from a cluster of 24 or more earth orbiting satellites. Because the GPS signals are derived from the atomic frequency standards on board each satellite, they are widely used as a reference for time synchronization and frequency adjustment. The real time positioning accuracy of a single receiver is normally up to 100 meters horizontally and 150 meters vertically. However, various methods have been developed which enable much higher accuracy (centimeter level). GPS Receivers There are a variety of different types of GPS receivers on the market for commercial and public use. Prices range from $500—$30,000, reflecting the accuracy and capabilities of the instruments. For the general outdoorsman, a good GPS receiver should have 8 satellite tracking capability and be capable of receiving the GPS satellite signals through forest covering in northern Ontario shield area; for the professional user, a minimum 8 satellite tracking capability, high memory capacity, differential GPS capability, and resistance to signal weakening under forest covering is essential; for the professional surveyor requiring high level precision and accuracy capability, they should assess the project or application for which the technology is to be used with the help of an unbiased consultant, in order to determine the most cost effective and appropriate instrument. Navigational Units Small hand held units at relatively low cost allow boaters and hikers to know their position within a few hundred meters. This accuracy is sufficient for recreational use. Mapping A hand held or similar unit at mid-range price that is linked to a fixed broadcast base station. These units allow utility companies, municipalities and others to locate various items (telephone poles, waterlines, valves) with a positional tolerance of several meters. This is suitable for some Geographical Information Systems (GIS) mapping purposes. GPS and Policing GPS technology offers numerous benefits to law enforcement agencies of all types. For some agencies, the navigational capabilities offered by GPS enhance efficiency and safety. These navigational applications can be used to support a variety of policing and criminal justice functions. Other agencies use GPS positioning technologies to carry out special operations or to provide enhanced personnel safety. For example, using computerized maps of their rights given by law, cooperated with GPS, aviation personnel can determine location, speed and time. The positioning capabilities offered by GPS may also contribute to the success of specialized law enforcement operations such as in controlling vehicles. One such program operated in Minneapolis

led to a 60% reduction in auto theft after only one month. The automatic vehicle location systems can not only provide efficiency of response and help ensure officer safety, but also provide officer with accurate information concerning the best response route to an incident. What’s more, they can provide officers information that allows the closest patrol officers to be dispatched to a particular incident. Advanced Transportation Management Systems (ATMS) are heavily dependant upon GPS technology to provide data about the road system. GPS allows for law enforcement personnel to clear roadway blockages to ensure the safety of motorist. Most people associate law enforcement with the prevention, reduction, and prosecution of criminal activity. In fact, a large portion of local law enforcement resources are involved in facilitating the movement of people and vehicles in a safe manner. In conclusion, large-volume commercial applications such as cellular phones, personal communication systems, and in-vehicle navigation systems will fuel continued development of these technologies. What was ultimately the domain of the Department of Defense is rapidly becoming available for business, private, and general government use. Policing and public safety in general, will benefit from these market forces. It is clear that there are a number of GPS applications for policing.

1． The components of GPS include ______.

A．the Space Segment, the Control Segment, Navigational Units B．the Space Segment, the Control Segment, GPS Receivers C．the Space Segment, the Control Segment, the User Segment D．the Space Segment, the User Segment, GPS Receivers

正确答案：C

解析：原文第2段提到，全球定位系统的组成部分包括空间部分、监控部分和用户部分，故答案为C。 知识模块：阅读

2． GPS satellites send radio signals ______. A．from space B．to space

C．from the earth D．to other satellites

正确答案：A

解析：原文该段第2句中的主语These space vehicles指的就是上一句中的GPS satellites，因此本题答案为A。 知识模块：阅读

3． What kind of data does Navigation, the primary function of GPS, involve? A．Data of two dimensions. B．Data of three dimensions. C．Data of four dimensions. D．Data of one dimension.

正确答案：B

解析：第2段首句提到导航是三维的，所以本题答案为B。 知识模块：阅读

4． The highest positioning accuracy of a receiver can now reach ______. A．meter-level B．kilometer-level C．centimeter-level D．millimeter-level

正确答案：C 解析：原文该段最后一句表明准确度已经可以达到厘米水平，所以本题答案为C。 知识模块：阅读

5． GIS mapping may be done with a hand held or similar unit at ______. A．high-range price B．medium-range price C．low-range price D．unaffordable price

正确答案：B 解析：本题的关键是明白该部分最后一句中的This一词指的是本段开头的A hand held or similar unit at mid-range price，因此本题答案为B。 知识模块：阅读

6． With the help of GPS, aviation personnel can find out ______. A．location, speed and time B．time, speed and height C．location, time and height

D．location, time and wind speed

正确答案：A

解析：原文指出．航空人员使用法律权利允许的电子地图．加上全球定位系统，就能确定位置、速度和时间，所以本题答案为A。 知识模块：阅读

7． Thanks to the GPS system, the auto theft rate in Minneapolis had been reduced by______.

A．fifty percent in a month B．seventy percent in a month C．sixty percent in a month D．forty percent in a month

正确答案：C

解析：原文该句开头的One such program指的就是全文的主题：GPS

program，因此答案为C。 知识模块：阅读

8． Limited geographic coverage, lack of continuous 24-hour coverage, and the limited accuracies of other related navigational instruments are the disadvantages of______.

正确答案：other land-based systems

解析：空白处应为名词词组。题目中的disadvantages与原文中的limitations为同义词，因此答案就在原文该词之后。 知识模块：阅读

9． The prices of various GPS receivers are determined by______.

正确答案：the／their accuracy and capabilities

解析：空白处应为名词词组。原文该段第2句中的分词结构reflecting表明了各种接收器价格不同的原因，因此reflecting一词后的名词词组就是答案。 知识模块：阅读

10． The accuracy of a hand held GPS unit at relatively low price is good enough for ______

正确答案：recreational use 解析：圈空白处应为名词词组。原文该段第2句的This accuracy指的就是第1句中的相对低成本的小型手提式设备的准确度，题目中的good enough是对sufficient的同义改写，因此本题答案就在for之后。 知识模块：阅读

Adults who had been fed plenty of fruit when they were children are less likely to suffer from certain types of cancer, British scientists said on Wednesday. A medical study of【11】4,000 men and women showed that the more fruits the adults had eaten when they were【12】the less likely they were to suffer from lung, bowel and breast cancer. “This study shows that childhood fruit consumption may have a long term【13】effect on cancer risk in adulthood,” Dr. Maria Maynard of the Medical Research Council in London said. All of the adults in the study had filled in a food【14】during the 1930s for a research study looking into the eating habits of families in【15】and urban areas of England and Scotland. Maynard and her colleagues studied the medical records of the group up to July 2000, by which time 483 cases of cancer had been【16】. In addition to fewer cases of cancer, a high consumption of fruit was【17】with a lower death rate from all causes. Fruits are loaded with antioxidants, vitamins and other nutrients, which can help to prevent genetic【18】that can lead to the development of cancer. The scientists also studied the【19】of vitamins C, E and beta carotene on cancer but they did not find any【20】that individual antioxidants were as protective as fruit.A. impact B. efficiency C. associated D. insertE. protective F. furthermore G. decent H. diagnosedI. damage J. young K. inventory L. ruralM. nearly N. evidence O. grab

11． 【11】

正确答案：M

解析：本句of后面已出现名词结构men and women，所以此处应为副词，修饰4000这个数字，因此答案为nearly。 知识模块：阅读

12． 【12】

正确答案：J

解析：此处可为名词、形容词或动词现在分词，作were的表语。根据第1段所提到的when they were children，可知该词与children语义相关，词库中最合适的只有young。 知识模块：阅读

13． 【13】

正确答案：E

解析：此处应为形容词，修饰名词effect。该句是对上一句的补充说明，表明年轻时多吃水果对健康有长期好的作用，因此该形容词应表示积极意义，只有protective适合。 知识模块：阅读

14． 【14】

正确答案：K

解析：此处应为名词。根据动词词组fill in(填写)，可以推断该词指表格之类，因此答案是inventory。food inventory意为“食物清单”。 知识模块：阅读

15． 【15】

正确答案：L 解析：此处应为形容词，与urban并列修饰areas一词，而且在语义上与urban相反，因此答案是rural。 知识模块：阅读

16． 【16】

正确答案：H

解析：此处应为动词过去分词，与had been构成被动语态。根据句中的medical records及cases of cancer。可以推断该动词应为diagnosed。 知识模块：阅读

17． 【17】

正确答案：C

解析：此处应为动词过去分词或形容词，而且可与with搭配。上文提到大

量食用水果对健康的影响，可以推断该句表明吃水果与降低死亡率也有关，因此associated为本题答案。be associated with意为“与……有关”。 知识模块：阅读

18． 【18】

正确答案：I 解析：此处应为名词。根据prevent及其后的定语从句“可导致癌症的发展”，可知这个名词表示消极意义，词库中的名词只有damage合适。 知识模块：阅读

19． 【19】

正确答案：A

解析：此处应为名词。从also一词可知科学家除了如上文所说研究了水果对健康的影响外。也研究了如维生素C、E等对健康的影响，因此impact一词为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读

20． 【20】

正确答案：N

解析：此处应为名词。从该句but一词可以知道科学家研究了维生素C等对健康的影响．但不能证明这些单一抗氧化剂的效果是否与水果一样好，因此此处应为一个表示“证明、证据”的单词，即evidence。 知识模块：阅读

In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip. A paper analyzing data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants shows that the relationship between larger tips and better service was very weak. Customers who rated a meal as “excellent” still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price. Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become established; it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, free tipping is being replaced by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all. How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psychology. According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper’s co-author, countries in which people are more outgoing, sociable or neurotic (神经质 的) tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served by strangers. “And,” says Mr. Lynn, “in America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off.” Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip—a

measure of their introversion (内向) and lack of neuroses, no doubt. While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does not work. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it actually encourage the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. The cry of mean tippers that service people should “just be paid a decent wage” may actually make economic sense.

21． From the passage we can understand that Americans ______. A．are reluctant to give tips, but they still do so

B．like to give tips to service people to help them financially C．are willing to give tips because they love the practice D．are giving fewer and fewer tips

正确答案：A

解析：推理判断题。原文第1段讲人们其实不该支付小费，但美国人每年仍要付16 billion作为小费．在第3段及第4段分析原因时指出：付小费主要是文化而非经济原因，以及在美国这个习惯已经固定下来了。可见，美国人付小费多少有几分不得已。 知识模块：阅读

22． We can learn from the third paragraph that ______. A．tips are voluntary in America

B．tipping is rare in many Asian countries C．people don’t tip in Europe

D．tipping is now popular in Iceland

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。本题考查该段最后一句中catch on的理解。通过对比说明小费在不同的地区有不同的看法，可以推断出亚洲国家对小费持否定态度，catch on意为“流行，风行”，由此可判断选项B为正确答案。选项A和C与第3段中的表述不符，选项D在第4段出现，且表达的意义与第4段最后一句相反。 知识模块：阅读

23． Based on Michael Lynn’s theory, which of the following is true? A．Nervous people do not usually tip. B．American people are anxious. C．Icelanders don’t like to show off.

D．People will ignore you if you tip badly.

正确答案：C

解析：推理判断题。本题考查强对比处。根据第4段中林恩的理论，付小费是一种表现自己的方式，而冰岛人通常不付小费，说明他们性格内向，故推断C为正确答案。选项A与原文意思相反，选项B毫无根据。选项D与原文有出入，其中的ignore不等同于第4段中的think less of。 知识模块：阅读

24． Michael Lynn is most probably ______. A．an economist B．a writer

C．a psychologist D．a sociologist

正确答案：C 解析：推理判断题。本文第4段指出要从心理学的角度解释付小费在各国的区别，然后引用了Michael Lynn的理论，由此可见，他最有可能是一个心理学家，研究消费心理。本题最具干扰性的是选项A．付小费对很多人来说是一种经济行为，但作者在第3段首句即指出付小费最好用文化而不是经济学来解释，可见本文的重点不在于“经济”，所以．Michael Lynn是经济学家的可能性就降低了。 知识模块：阅读

25． What does the author think about the relationship between service and tip? A．Bigger tips bring about better service.

B．Good service should be rewarded with tips. C．Tips are effective in improving service. D．Tips cannot help prompt better service.

正确答案：D

解析：观点态度题。最后一段表达了作者的观点，在首句即指出付小费达不到预期效果，因此D为正确答案。选项A和B其实是对第1段最后两句的近义替换，但都是人们传统的观念和想法，并非作者的观点。选项C的意思明显与最后一段首句相反。 知识模块：阅读

It’s 10 pm. You may not know where your child is, but the chip does. The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help. Once doctors arrive, the chip will also be able to tell them which drugs are not suitable for little Johnny or Janie. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history. And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip— the one embedded in your hand. To some, this may sound unbelievable. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly patients. It could be used as credit cards and people won’t have to carry wallets anymore.On the other hand, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty. “Any technology of this kind could result in abuse of personal privacy,” says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. “If a kid can be tracked, do you want other people to be able to track your kid? It’s a double-edged sword.” Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. in Palm Beach, Florida, says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its device in humans. About

the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded (编码) with bits of information and embedded in humans under a layer of skin. When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip gives the data. Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chips, which give information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips—such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future—will give out information all the time. And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips. In addition to technical problems, many suspect that all sorts of legal and privacy issues would have to be cleared as well.

26． By using the example in the first two paragraphs, the author wants to tell us that______.

A．chips are usually used to locate lost children B．chips are more convenient than credit cards

C．chips will soon be useful in many aspects of daily lives D．chips will bring out the issue of abuse of personal privacy

正确答案：C

解析：主旨大意题。本题考查例子与观点的关系。第3段是对前两段的总结及进一步的阐述，因此，本段就是前两段想要说明的观点。选项A和B只是对例子中某些细节的陈述，不能总括例子的中心思想。这两段的例子说的都是芯片的好处，因此与选项D所说的问题不相关。 知识模块：阅读

27． What is the attitude of Lee Tien towards the chips? A．Negative. B．Indifferent. C．Arbitrary. D．Cautious.

正确答案：D

解析：观点态度题。第5段最后一句表明Lee Tien对芯片的看法，他对芯片既没有完全肯定，也没有完全否定，表明这种看法是很审慎的，不武断，因此选项A、B、C都不对。 知识模块：阅读

28． One of the features of the device considered by Applied Digital Solutions is______.

A．duration B．capacity C．safety D．purpose

正确答案：B 解析：推理判断题。本题考查bits of的理解。第6段是有关这个发明的描述．其

中第2句提到bits ofinformation，表明这家公司考虑到了芯片的容量问题，而其他选项A、C和D在文中皆无体现。 知识模块：阅读

29． Which of the following statements about Digital Angel is NOT true? A．Digital Angel will include at least a chip and a power source. B．Digital Angel will soon be produced and replace passive chips. C．Digital Angel will be embedded in humans under a layer of skin.

D．Digital Angel will give information without being scanned by a reader.

正确答案：B

解析：推理判断题。本题考查强对比处及有分隔成分的长句的理解。倒数第2段表明了“数字天使”的特点．选项A、C和D都可从本段推断出，只有选项B没有提及。 知识模块：阅读

30． It is indicated in the passage that chip producers have to consider the following issues EXCEPT______.

A．financial problems B．technical problems C．legal problems D．privacy problems

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。本题考查列举处。最后一段提到了三个问题要解决，只有选项A(经济问题)没有提及。 知识模块：阅读