Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) Vo1.27,No.2,PP.230—232 June 201 1 ISSN 1003—7985 Drazin invertibility for matrices over an arbitrary ring Zhuang Guifen Chen Jianlong (Department of Mathematics,Southeast University,Naming 21 1 189,China) Abstract:In order to study the Drazin invertibility of a matrix wim the generalized factorization over an arbitrary ring.the necessary and suficient conditfions for the existence of the implies x=0.T= is called a universal factorization if there exist matices P and rsuch that P PA=A=A . T=PAD is called a generalized factorization if the following Drazin inverse of fl matrix are given by the properties of the generalized factorization.Let T= D be a square matrix with me generalized factorization.then T has Drazin index k if and only if k is the smallest natural number such that A is regular and U (Vk)is invertible if and only if k is the smallest natural number such that A^is regulra and U (Vk)is invertible if and only if k is the smallest natura1 number such that A is regulra and U (Vk)is invertible.The formulae to compute the Drazin inverse are also obtained.These results generalize recent results obtained for the Drazin inverse of a matrix with a universal factorization. Key words:ring;generalized factorization;Drazin inverse; group inverse doi:l0.3969/j.issn.1003—7985.20l1.02.025 1『.1 hroughout this paper and unless otherwise speciifed,R 上denotes an arbitrary ring with identity 1, (R)and M(尺)the set of all m×,z matrices and the ring of all n×n matirces over R.respectively.Given an m x n matrix A over a ring R,A is called(von Neumann)regulra if there exists fin n xm matrixA—such thatAA A=A.A is called lf von Neumann regular inverse ofA and the set of all the yon Neumann regular inverses of A will be denoted by A f1 1.An n x n matrix T over the ring R is said to have Dra— zin index k if k is the smallest natura1 number such that there exists a f unique)solution T of the system of equations:1) T =Tk“Z:21ZTZ=Z:3)TZ=Z . is called a Drazin inverse of index k of T.If k=1.then T is denoted bv r and is called the group inverse of T. The Drazin inverse and the group inverse of a square ma. trix are studied in Refs.『1—21.Chen discussed the Dra. zin invertibility and the group invertibility of a matrix with GDH factorization.In Ref.I 41,the sufifcient and necessary conditions are given for a matrix with a universal factoriza— tion to have a Drazin inverse.Motivated by the previous studies.we study the Drazin invertibility of a matrix with generalized factorization in this Paper.T= Q is called a GDH—factorization ifP is right high and D is left high.P is ifght high ifPx=0 implies x:0 and Q is left high if xQ=0 Received 201O_ol-21 Biographies:Zhuang Guifen(1977一),female,graduate;Chen Jianlong (corresponding author),male,doctor,professor,jlchen@sen.edu.cn. Foundation items:The National Naturla Science Foundation of China f No. 10571026.10871O5l1、Specilaized Research Fund for the Doctoral Pro— gram of Higher Educationf No.20060286006,200802860024). Citation:Zhuang Guifen,Chen Jianlong.Drazin invertibility for matrices over an arbitrary ring[J】.Journal of Southeast University(English Edi— tion),2O11,27(2):230—232.f doi:10.3969/j.issn.1oo3—7985.2011. 02.0251 conditions are satisfied P A=P,A whenever P,A =P Ap and AQl=AQ2 whenever PAQ1=PAQ2.Clearly GDH—fac— torization and universal—factorization are both generalized factorizations.but the converse is not true . The main results,theorem 1,theorem 2 and theorem 3, give the necessary and sufifcient conditions for a matrix with the generalized factorization to have a Drazin inverse and the formula for obtaining the Drazin inverse if the conditions are satisfied.Hence,the theorems in Refs.『6—71 can be de— duced. Theorem 1 Let A∈Mm (R)be a square matrix and T = Q be a generalized factorization.Let A。=A,A.= AQ(PAQ) , >1.The following statements are equiv— alent: 11 T has Drazin index足: 21 k is the smallest natural number such that A is regular and Uk=A A kQTPA k+l n—A Akis invertible; 3)k is the smallest natural number such that A is regular and Vk=A QTPA A +J 一A A is invertible. In this case,we obtain TD PA Q=PV; A Q:T“ PA Ui Q= P A Q “’=T“‘P A O= ev; A aT“ Proof 1)甘2) Suppose that T has Drazin 1ndex k,let Z=T ,then T =T Z T and PA女Q=PAtQZ PA Q.Since T=PAQ is a generalized factorization,PA Q is also a gen— eralized factorization.So,we obtain A =A QZ PA ,i. e.,A is regular.Let A ∈A {1},using the same methods as shown in Ref.『11,we obtain (A』『A QTPA )(A A Qz“ PA )“ =A A and (A A QZ“ PA )“ (A A QTPA )=A A So A A QTPA is invertible in A;A (R)A[At.By theo— rem 1 in Ref.【8】,we obtain that =A AtQZ lA +J 一 A A is inVertible in (尺).ConVersely,suppose that t is invenib1e,and 1et Z=PA t ’Q.First,we 0btain A =A Q A A U =A A Q = A A A A =A A 』『’ ¨z=P(A Q )U Q= lA Q=r, Drazin invertibility for matrices over an arbitrary ring Next,we obtain ZTZ=PA (A AtU )QTPA Q= PA kU 1 0A A kQTPA U 1Q:z Note that U2 :(A A QPA +j ~A;At)・ (AkA QT2PA +J 一A;A ) =(A A QT2PA +In-AiA )・ (A;A QPA +In—AiA ) Uk=A;A QPA +j 一A;At S=A A QT2PAk+I 一A A we obtain = ・S=S・ Since Uk is invertible,so is Uk and = S=sui . Immediately,we obtain TZ=PAt Q=ZT.Hence, =PA kU Q. 2) )Let ai∈A {I},and suppose that Uk is inverti— ble.Then by theorem 1 in Ref.[8】,A A QTPA is invert— ible in A A M (R)A A ,so there exists Z∈Mn(R)such that AiA QTPA ZA;A =A A =A;A ZA A QTPA . Multiplying by A k on the left side and A on the right side, respectively,we know that A ZAkA is an inverse of A女QTPA A in A A Mm(R)A k一.SO by theorem 1 in Ref.[8], is invertible.The converse is analogous.Since A Uk=A QTPA = hence T =PA Ui Q=PV; A Q And A kvl :A QTPA U 2 T =T“ PA Q Similarly,we have r Pv 2A QTk’ We also obtain ‘. “PA Q:evl A QTk Theorem 2 Let A∈Mm (R)be a square matirx and T=PAQ be a generalized factorization.Let A1=A,A = AQ(PAQ) ~PA.i>1.The following statements are equiv. alent: 1)Thas Drazin index ; 231 2)k is the smallest naturla number such htat A is regulra nad U =A A QPA +I 一A At is invertible; 3)k is the smallest natural number such that A is regulra nad v k=A kQPA +I n—A k—is invertible. In this case,we obtain D.= PA Q=Tk 尸 A Q= 、 lA『U;、Q Proof By theorem 1,it is sufficient to prove that is invertible iff Uk is invertible.Note that = ・S=S・ where S:A A kQT2PA k+I —nA;A k.So if Uk is invertible, hten is invertible.By induction,we obtain :A』『A Q p-1)kPA£+, 一A A nad S =AiA Q 一 PA +, 一A;A Let P=k+2,q=k,then we have =S .Suppose that is invertible,so is S,thus,Uk is invertible.Now we prove Tk~PA Q.First,UkS~=S-Z ,by theorem 1, Tt,I_ “PAtS Q.since PA S=Tk“PA =T2PA , then we obtain PA =T2PA S PA Q=T2PA S Q Thus T =TkI1( SI1 Q)=Tk_。PA Q Since A =A QPA =LA ,A : A we obtain T = A Q:Tk A Q Corollary 1 Let T∈Mn(R),the following statements rae equivalent: 1)T has Drazin index : 21 k is the smallest natural number such that T is regular nad =(Tk)~T2 I 一( )一Tk is invertible; 3 1 k is the smallest natural number such that T is regular nad = (T )一+I 一T (T )一is invertible. In this case,we obtain T = “l 2=Tk。’ ̄V 2Tk:Tk 1 Tk Theorem 3 Let A∈M…(R)be a s。quare matrix and T=PAQ be a generalized factorization.Let A1=A,Af= AQ(PAQ) PA。i>1.The following statements are equiv— alent: 1)T has Drazin index ; 2)k is the smallest naturla number such thatA is regulra nad =A AtQPA+I 一A A is invertible; 3)k is the smallest naturla number such that A}is regulra 232 Zhuang Guifen and Chen Jinlaong and =AQPA +l 一A is invertible T=J T/ is a generalized factorization.Now by theorem 1 nd taheorem 3,we immediately obtain theorems 1,2 and 3 In this case,we obtain =PA £, “ Q=P “ A Q ,on the in Ref.【6】.And we also obtian the characterization oN the group inverse of a matrix with generalized factorization. Proof Note that A =A QPA=AQPA = other hand,( ) =A[AQPA QPA+, 一AfA = AkA QTPA+I 一A A .By induction,we obtin a( ) :A A QT PA+J 一AKA References 【1】Chen J L.A note on generalized inverses of a product【J】. NortheastMath 1996,12(4):431—44O. [2】Gouveia M C,Puystjens R.About the group inverse and Moore—Penrose inverse of a product【J】.Linear Algebra Ap— pl,1991,150:361—369. ( ) =AIA QTk PA+ —A A = Similarly(f/k) = .So by theorem 2,(1)铸(2)甘(3) Since A =A QPA,then PA =PA QPA ’=TPA By theorem 2, [3】Chen J L.Group inverses and Drazin inverses of matrices over rings【J】.Acta Math Sinica,1994,37(3):375—380. 【4】Jing S Y,Liu X J.Generaalized inverses of morphisms wih tuniversla—factorization[J1.Acta Math Sinica,1999,42(2): 233—240. 【5】Chen J,Chen J L.On generalized inverses of morphisms with generalized—factorization【J】,Acta Math Sinica,200l, ^=Tk。。PA f Q=Tk (TPA PA Since A )Df “ Q=…= 44(5):909—916. 【6】Chen J L,Wei Y M.On characterizations of Drazin inverse 【J】,NortheastMath 2006,22(1):15—20. “ Q 、= 、A ,[7】Puysqens R,Gouveia M C.Drazin invertibility for matrices over an arbitrary ring[J】.Linear A ebra Appl,2004,385: we obtin p= a1A kQ. 105—116. Let A∈M…(R)be a square matirx and T:PAQ be a universal factorization,then by theorem 2 we can obtain the 【8】Patricio P,PuysOens R.Generlaized invertibility in two semigroups of a ring[J】.Linear Algebra Appl,2004,377: 】25一】39. theorem in Ref.[7】.It is clear that for any T∈ (R), 环上矩阵的Drazin可逆性 庄桂芬 陈建龙 (东南大学数学系,南京21i189) 摘要:为了研究任意环上具有广义分解的矩阵的Drazin可逆性,利用广义分解的一些性质,给出了任意环上具有 广义分解的矩阵的Drazin可逆的充分必要条件:设T=PAQ为具有广义分解的矩阵,则T的Drazin指标为k当 且仅当k为使得A 正则且Uk( )可逆的最小自然数当且仅当k为使得A 正则且U (Vk)可逆的最小自然数 当且仅当k为使得A 正则且 ( )可逆的最小自然数.同时给出了几种计算Drazin逆的公式,推广了任意环 上具有泛分解的矩阵Drazin逆的结果. 关键词:环;广义分解;Drazin逆;群逆 中图分类号:O153.3