Unit 1 Help those in need 基础教案

Unit 1 Helping those in need

getting ready 1. raise v.筹募 raise money意为―募集钱款‖。

The students are raising money for the people who lost homes in the earthquake. v.增加；提高

How can we raise English levels in a short time? 提高英语水平

【提示】raise是一个及物动词，后可直接跟宾语。其常见的释义和用法还有：

(1)使上升；使升起：We can see soldiers raise the national flag on Tian'anmen Square every morning. (2)提及；提起：The book raises many questions for readers to think about． (3)抚养；养育；培养：Father raised the family. (4)饲养；喂养：I want to raise a dog as my pet．

【辨析】 raise与rise

raise，及物动词，―使上升；使升起‖。一般指日常生活中的事物上升。如：举起了杯子、提高了租金. rise，不及物动词,(rise-rose-risen)。说明一些自然现象的升起。如：日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价以及人的职位等. 【小试】

I. 用上述动词的正确形式完成下列句子。

（1）. He _________ his head to look at me.

（2）. The people’s living standard has greatly been ______. （3）. Her temperature is still ______.

II. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

（1）. The prices are ______ fast these days. Nobody can get the prices down.

A. going down B. rising C. raising D. brought down.

（2）. They’ve ______ up to 20,000yuan for the Hope Project.

A. rose B. raise C. raised D. risen 2. permission n.准许；批准 不可数名词 Jim took the laptop without permission.

ask permission意为―报请批准‖。如：

How many times have I reminded you that you need to ask permission first? 我们可以用ask permission to do sth表示―征得同意做某事’．如： She asked permission to leave work early because her daughter was ill.

give sb. permission to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”，与allow sb. to do something意思相近。 Give yourself permission to take a break, even a little one．

【链接】permit v.允许；准许；使有可能

We hope to visit the school if time permits．如果时间允许 3. Helping those in need帮助那些有困难的人

in need意为―有困难的‖，常位于名词后作后置定语。如： We are collecting money for families in need.

A friend in need is a friend indeed．（谚语）患难中的朋友才是真正的朋友。 我们用in need of表示―需要……‖。如： The building is in need of repair．

4. Read three students' reports on their voluntary work.

voluntary work意为―义务性工作‖。如：

In her spare time she does voluntary work．她在业余时间做义工。

voluntary为形容词，意为―志愿的；无偿的‖。名词形式为volunteer，意为 ―志愿者‖。 5. serious adj.严重的

He has a serious illness. There is nothing serious.

Everyone knows how serious the danger is．大家都明白情况有多危险。 【提示】serious还有如下的常见含义及用法：

(1)认真的：He is a serious student and works very hard. 认真

(2)严肃的：Be serious, John! Don't make fun of me. 严肃点，约翰！别拿我开玩笑。 【链接】seriously adv.严重地 He is seriously ill．他病得很重。 6. illness n.（某种）病, 是可数名词,复数形式为illnesses. He died of a serious illness．他死于重病。 【辨析】sick与ill sick ill 作表语 作定语 作表语 生病的，恶心的 生病的 生病的 His wife was sick in bed with a cold. I helped sick children. She has been ill for a month. 7. organize v.组织；筹备

In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter．复活节

【链接】organization n.组织 organizer n.组织者

The death of his father gave him great pain．父亲的死使他很痛苦。 His unkind words caused her much pain．他说话很刻薄，弄得她很难受。 (谚语)No pains, no gains. 没有付出，就没有收获。

【链接】pain n．（身体上的）疼痛 painful adj.痛苦的；苦恼的 9. lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的

The darkness makes me feel so lonely.夜色让我如此孤寂。 【比较】lonely与alone

副词。“独自地；单独地”，侧重于说明独自一形容词。一般与be动词连用，在句中作alone lonely lonelier

8. pain n.痛苦；苦恼

人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。 I like to work alone． 表语。 She is alone at home． 表语。表示“孤独的；寂寞的”之意，带有浓定语。lonely用作定语时，意为“无人烟厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的意思。 的；荒凉的；偏僻的” That's a lonely island． I was alone but I didn't feel lonely． loneliest I never feel lonely when I am with my friends.

(江苏无锡中考)Though his grandmother lives______, she never feels______.

A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely C. alone ; lonely D. lonely; alone 10. peace n.平静;宁静

I hope to find a little peace of mind.我渴望找寻到一丝内心的平静。 Everything was at peace here.在这里，一切都很平静。

【链接】peaceful adj.平静的；和平的 peacefully adv. 平静地;和平地 11. hurt v. (hurt，hurt)（使）疼痛；受伤

Jack hurt himself while he was trying to escape from the police． He hurt his back in an accident．

【提示】动词hurt还有以下一些常见的释义和用法： (1)（身体某部位）感到疼痛：My eyes hurt.

(2)伤害（感情）；使伤心：He is afraid of hurting Betty's feelings.

language points 1. a child without parents意为―孤儿‖，相当于orphan。它是一个介词短语作后置定语的结构，即

without parents作定语修饰名词child。类似的结构还有:

the dogs in danger有危险的狗 families with only one child独生子女家庭 2. Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.

offer to do something意为“主动提出做某事”。如： Nick offered to help Jack with his Maths homework. offer的主要用法有： offer sth offer to do sth 提出某事 （主动）提出做某事 I offered a good plan for our holiday. Tom offered to drive us to the bus station. We should offer others our help. offer sb. sth=offer sth to sb. （主动）给某人提供某物 suffer v.（因疾病等）受苦；受折磨

She suffered greatly as a child. 她童年深受苦难。 suffer from意为“因„„受苦；受折磨”。如： Many teenagers are suffering from the computer games. His child is suffering from a bad cold. 3. The children there all suffer from serious illnesses. 那里的孩子都遭受着重病的折磨。

This country often suffers from floods and drought. 4. I met a girl called Cindy.

句中called Cindy是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a girl,意为“名叫辛迪的”.called也

可用named来代替。

The Kings have a daughter called/named Jessica． (姓金一家)

【拓展】①作定语是过去分词的用法之一，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。 I like the songs sung by Liu Huan．

②过去分词（短语）作定语相当于一个定语从句。

I like the books written by Lu Xun. = I like the books that were written by Lu Xun.

(兰州中考)--What are on show in the museum?

--Some photos ______by the children of Yushu, Qinghai.

A. have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken 5. This helps them express their feelings.这有助于他们表达自己的情感。

express v.表达；表露

He expressed to us his ideas about the new teacher．他向我们表达了他对新老师的看法。 【提示】当express表示“表达；表露”之意时，通常不接双宾语。如： 他对她表示了他的谢意。

(×) He expressed her his thanks. (√) He expressed his thanks to her. 【链接】expression n.表达;表情

express one's feelings意为“表达某人的情感；抒发某人的感情”。如： Mother's Day gives people a chance to express their feelings toward their mum． 6. We spent time with a girl called Vivien.

spend time with意为“与„„共度；陪伴”。如： While in Hawaii，Mr. Hill spent time with his wife． I spent time with my son and talked to him a lot． 【拓展】【拓展】①spend还可以表示“花费”。

How much money如you spend each week? 你每星期花多少钱？ ②常见搭配：

sb. +spend (s)+money/time+(in) doing sth 某人花费金钱／时间做某事 sb.十spend (s)+money/time+ on sth某人在某事／某物上花费金钱／时间 They spend a lot of time watching TV every day. He doesn't spend much money on food. (2013．山东潍坊) --Do you often get online?

--Yes. I_______ lots of time on it. It's a good way to kill time.

A. cost B. spend C. take D. use

7. She needs friendship.

need此处用作 实义动词，意为“需要”，可构成: need sth; need to do sth。 They don't need any help. He needs to have a good rest. 而need doing sth,表示被动意义。 These flowers need watering.

【拓展】need作情态动词时,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 You needn't become very nervous.

--Must I bring my homework now? --No, you needn't. You can bring it tomorrow. (No, you needn’t. = No, you don’t have to. 不，不必。) 8. My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien.

continue to do sth意为“继续做某事”。如：

After reading Lesson 9, he continued to read Lesson 10．

Though Peter is very busy, he will continue to help children at the local hospital.

9. They have difficulty walking or moving.

difficulty n.困难；费劲 difficulty difficult 不可数名词 困难；费劲 I had no difficulty (in) learning English． 可数名词 表示具体的困难，意为In face of so many difficulties，we were never afraid． adj.困难的 “难事；难点；困境；难处” have difficulty (in) doing something表示“做某事有困难”。如： The students have difficulty (in) understanding the sentence. 若后接名词，则常用have difficulty with sth的结构。如：

Some students in this class have difficulty with English pronunciation． 【拓展】类似的结构还有：

have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有麻烦 have problems (in) doing sth做某事有问题 have fun (in) doing sth做某事有乐趣

(2013．山东聊城)-I have great_____ in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me?

-No problem.

A. fun B. success C. advice D. difficulty 10. A person with courage is usually not afraid of something dangerous or difficult. be afraid of意为“害怕，不敢‖ 后可接名词、代词或动名词。 She is afraid of snakes. I was afraid of going through the woods

【拓展】①be afraid还可按不定式结构，即be afraid to do sth.，意为“害怕做某事”。 He is afraid to go out at night.

② be afraid 还可以接that从句，表示“担心／害怕„„” He was afraid that he would lose.

③I’m afraid„ 可翻译成“恐怕„„”，属于口语中的委婉用语，表示遗憾、惋惜、判断或 表示因不愿做某事面显得语气缓和些，其否定形式为I’m afraid... not... I’m afraid that I can't help you.我恐怕不能帮助你。 运用前缀(prefixes)猜词义 （1）. 大多数形容词前加un-

happy—unhappy lucky—unlucky fortunate—unfortunate fair—unfair important—unimportant healthy—unhealthy prepared—unprepared definite—indefinite

（2）. 以c-, e-开头的形容词，多加in-：correct—incorrect expensive—inexpensive （3）. 以p开头的形容词，多加im-：possible—impossible polite—impolite （4）. 以r-开头的形容词，多加ir-：regular—irregular （5）. 有些形容词加dis-：honest—dishonest

【拓展】含有加前缀构成的反义形容词的句子不属于否定句。在改为反意疑问句时，附加问句部分仍用否定形式。 He is unhappy today, isn’t he?

课堂练习

I. 用新单词完成下面的句子。如有必要,须改变单词的形式。 1. I hope that our school will _____________ more outings in the future.

2. We have been friends for nearly ten years. I hope our _____________will last forever.

3. The doctor said to William's mother, \"It isn't a_____________ illness. Give him enough water to

drink and soon he will feel better. \"

4. We mustn't laugh at the_____________ and we should try our best to help them.

5. The manager said to all the staff members, \"I will_________ all your salary because you all have done a good job. \"

6. You have helped me with the project so much. I don't know how to ______________ my thanks. 7. I don't think I have any _________ in working out the problem. It’s so easy. 8. You shouldn't touch the machines without my _____________.

9. If you want to make a public speech, you need not only good English but also _____________.

That is to say, you should be brave.

10. It was raining hard when I left the office. Mr. Smith, my boss, _________me a ride in his car home. II. 选择适当的词组完成下列句子。如有必要，须改变形式。每个词组仅使用一次。 ask permission raise money in need voluntary work offer to suffer from spend time with continue to have difficulty raise one's spirits 1. My grandfather has _______________a serious heart disease for a long time.

2. My friend____________ drive me to the airport because it was raining hard and I couldn't find a taxi. 3. The students_____________ completing the project. So most of them asked their parents for help. 4. I think you need to____________ before you use Wendy's computer. 5. We should use the money to help those people____________.

6. I don't want to go to Paris for such a short holiday. I'd rather stay at home and________ my kids. 7. Cheer up, Simon! Drink a cup of coffee now and it may ____________.

8. The students at Mayfield School will____________ for the children in Africa next week.

9. Nowadays, more and more teenagers take part in __________ to help people they don't know at all. 10. After Judy completed her Maths homework, she ____________ do more Physics exercises. III. Reading comprehension． Dear Kitty, I am sorry that I did not write to you earlier. I was helping with a charity show because I wanted to raise money for Project Green Hope. I felt very happy when the organizers chose me to be the host. It was exciting but I was also very nervous because of the TV cameras. I knew that lots of people would watch the show and many famous pop stars would come too. We started working on the show two months ago. It was my job to introduce each star. I had many other duties too. It was hard work but I was happy. We practiced a lot before the show. I had to remember to look at the right camera at the right time. At

the beginning I thought it would be difficult. Slowly, everything became a little bit easier. The big day came very fast and suddenly it was the night before the big event. I couldn’t sleep all night because I was so excited. Twenty minutes before the show, the doors opened and many people came into the theatre. ―No time to be nervous any more. This is it.‖I told myself. A lot of people came to the show. The fans of the pop stars were making a lot of noise. I had to speak loudly because of the noise. Everything seemed to be happen so fast and now it is all over. Many people donated money to Project Green Hope. I hope we can have more events like this to raise money for charities. I hope to see you soon. Ricky （1）. 判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示。 ( ) 1. The TV' cameras made Ricky feel nervous.

( ) 2. Ricky started working on the show three months ago. ( ) 3. It was Ricky's job to talk to each star. ( ) 4. Ricky had a lot of things to do.

( ) 5. The doors closed twenty minutes before the show. ( ) 6. Many people gave money to Project Green Hope. ( ) 7. Ricky hopes there will be more charity shows. （2）. 根据短文内容，将左右两栏中的句子正确配对。

( ) 1. Ricky helped with the charity show a. he wanted to help raise money for Project because Green Hope.

( ) 2. The organizers chose Ricky to be the b. they started working on it two months ago. host of the show and

( ) 3. They needed to practise a lot before c. he could not sleep the night before the the show so show.

( ) 4. Ricky was worried and afraid d. because of the TV cameras. ( ) 5. Ricky was so excited that e. the noise from the fans.

( ) 6. Ricky had to speak loudly because of f. he felt very happy and nervous as well. IV. Translation。 1. 我们可以通过唱歌、朗读诗歌来表达我们的感情。(express one's feelings) __________________________________________________________ 2. 萨姆举起手来，想征得允许离开教室。(ask permission to do something) __________________________________________________________ 3. 温迪从自行车上摔了下来，伤到了自己。(hurt)

__________________________________________________________ 4. 西蒙的爷爷独自居住，但他从不觉得孤独。(alone, lonely) __________________________________________________________ 5. 她主动提出要帮母亲拿盒子。(offer to do something)

__________________________________________________________ 6. 那些青少年正在操场上开心地打着篮球。( teenager)

__________________________________________________________

7. 长期的疾病让他变得很瘦，我都认不出来了。(illness, so„that) __________________________________________________________ 8. 年前她遭遇了车祸，从那以后她经常背疼。(suffer from, pain) __________________________________________________________ 口语技巧——谈论计划与安排 1. 我们可以用am/is/are going to表达确定的打算或意图。如：

She's going to buy a new dress. Cindy's parents are going to fly home.

We are planning to have a picnic in the forest park this Saturday. I am planning to teach the children to sing. I’m thinking of going to watch a film. We’re thinking about starting a Music Club.

2. 我们也可以用am/ is/are planning to表示计划和打算。

3. 我们可以用think of/about表示不确定的意图，即表示有想法，但不一定能实现。

口语操练： --What are you going to do on Saturday? --(tidy my room) definite: indefinite:

--What are you going to do on Sunday? --(visit my grandmother) definite: indefinite:

--What are you going to do next Saturday? –(help mum clean the room) definite: indefinite: