名词所有格的构成及用法
名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格,它主要包括's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。
定义:表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加 ’s来表示所有关系,叫做名词所有格。 名词所有格的用法:
一、名词+ ’s (主要用于有生命的事物)
1、单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s构成所有格 例如:
Jimmy’s book(吉米的书) Jane’s schoolbag(简的书包) Mark’s room (马克的房间)
Qianqian’s mother (倩倩的妈妈)
Children’s Day(儿童的节日、六一儿童节)
Wuhan’s summer is very hot.(武汉的夏天非常热。) Qianqian ’s math is very good.(倩倩的数学很好。) 2、复数名词以-s结尾的只需要加’ 构成所有格。 例如:
Twins’ father is Mr. Brown. (双胞胎的爸爸是布朗先生。)
Girls’ favorite food is ice-cream. (女孩们最喜欢的食物是冰激凌。) 二、名词 +of +名词
如果名词是无生命的,我们通常就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。 例如:
A bag of mine= my bag (我的书包)
The name of the girl =the girl’s name (女孩的名字)
The window of the bedroom = the bedroom’s window(卧室的窗户) 三、特殊所有格
若一样东西为两人共有,则后一个人名用所有格;如果不是两人共有,而是各有各的,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。 例如:
This is Tom and Jim’s room. 这是汤姆和吉姆共有的房间。
These are Tom’s and Jim’s rooms. 这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。
an hour and a half’s walk (步行一个半小时的路程) 四.'s所有格所修饰的词的省略现象
(1)表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常
常省略。例如:
I met her at the doctor's(office).我在诊所遇见了她。 He has gone to the tailor's(shop).他到服装店去了。
She went to Mr.Black's(house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。
(2)名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重
1
复。例如:
Whose pen is this?It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。
The bike is not mine,but Wang Pinpin's.这辆自行车不是我的,是王品品的。
五.双重所有格及其用法
's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成\"of+所有格\"形式,即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分,在意义上与\"one of...\"相似,它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外,双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有感情色彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下: 1.名词+of+名词性物主代词。例如:
a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友 an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历 2.名词+of+'s所有格。例如:
He is a friend of my sister's.(=one of my sister's friends)他是我姐姐的一个朋友
Look at that long nose of Jack's.看杰克的那个长鼻子。(感情色彩) 试比较:
a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张(本人)的照片
a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张(具有的照片中)的一张照片
3.不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some,any,many,no,few等)以及which等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如: most of the students 学生中的大多数 three of them 他们中的三个人
I have read some books of his.我读过他的一些书
Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read?你读过琼瑶的哪一本书? A. 's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别 请仔细比较下面三句话:
1.She is Mary's brother's friend. 2.She is a friend of Mary's brother. 3.She is a friend of Mary's brother's.
1句用的是's所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,突出friend一词。 2句用的是of所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,强调突出了Mary's brother。
3句用的是双重所有格,侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个,她只是其中的一个。
一.用所给词的适当形式填空:
1.March 8th is __________Day. (woman).
2.Taking twenty __________(分钟) exercise every day is good for your health. 3.The shop sells ____________(妇女) handbags.
4.Teachers in western countries have a __________(三个月的) holiday in a year.
2
5.I’ll give my English teacher a card for ____________Day. (teacher) .
二.选择填空: 1.----How’s Joy’s skirt?
----Her skirt is more beautiful than ________. A.her sister’s and Kate B.her sister and Kate C.her sister and Kate’s D.her sister’s and Kate’s
2.This is _______ room. The twin sisters like it very much. A.Lucy’s and Lily’s B.Lucy’s and Lily C.Lucy and Lily’s
3.In ______ time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A.few years B.a few years’ C.a few year D.a few year’s 4.Did you hear the ___________report?
A. policemen B. policemen’s C. policemens’ D. policemens 5.It’s about __________walk from my home. A. ten minute B. ten minutes’ C. ten minute’s D. ten minutes 6.This is my dress. That one is ______________. A. Mary B. Mary’s C. sister D. mother 7.Where is ___________ sweater ? I can’t see it. A. Lucy B. Lucys C. Lucy’s
8.__________ mothers made them have piano lessons.
A. Peter and Anne B. Peter’s and Anne’s C. Peter’s and Anne D. Peter and Anne’s
9.We’ll have a ____________ holiday. What about going to the West Lake? A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two-days’(两天的假期:two days’ holiday/two-day holiday)
10.The market isn’t far from here. It’s only ___________ bicycle ride. A. half an hours’ B. half an hour’s C. half an hour D. an hour and a half 11.The twin brothers always put small presents in ___________stockings on Christmas Day.
A. each other’s B. each other C. each others D. each others’
3
12.My father will have a _________ holiday next month. He’ll take me to Qingdao.
A. ten days B. ten days’ C. ten-days D. ten day’s
13.When we saw the film Hero, I sat between Ted and Ben. That is to say my seat was between ____________.
A. Ted and Ben B. Ted’s and Ben C. Ted and Ben’s D. Ted’s and Ben’s 14.It is said that SARS has killed more than _______________ people worldwide.
A. three hundreds B. three hundreds’ C. three hundred’s D. three hundred
25.Kate won the _______ race in the summer sports meeting.
A. 100-metre B. 100-metres C. 100 metre D. 100 metre’s (同12题) A. two week’s time B. two weeks’ time C. two week time D. two weeks time 三.翻译。
1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital. 2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)
3. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager. 4. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师). 5. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .
6. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new. 7. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节). 8. He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now. 9. Please open ______________________________________(教室的门). 10. ______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.
4
Answers:1-5 DCBBB 6-10 BBDCB 11-15 CBBAA 16-20
BDDDA 21-26 BBBCBB 1.Women’s 2. minutes’ 3. women’s 4. three months’ 5. Teachers’ 6.
minutes’ 7. hour’s
5