人教版九年级英语Unit5 What are the shirts made of_讲义与练习

九年级上英语Unit 5讲义

一、知识点

1. environmental adj. 自然环境的;有关环境的

Eg: Environmental protection has been a global concern. . Eg: People are becoming far more aware of environmental issues. . 词性拓展: n. 环境 . adv. 环境地 . Eg: We're not doing enough to protect the environment from pollution. . Eg: The office is quite bright and airy--it’s a pleasant working environment. . Eg: Riding shared bikes is an environmentally-friendly way to travel. .

2. produce v. 生产;制造;出产

Eg: France produces a great deal of wine for export. . Eg: I was wondering whether I could produce a meal out of what’s left in the fridge. . Eg: Her words produced an awkward silence. . 词性拓展: n. 产品 . n. 生产;产量 . n. 生产商;制片人 . n. 生产力 . adj. 多产的;富有成效的 .

Eg: We decided to advertise our new product. . Eg: The company’s new model will be going into production early next year. . Eg: Cotton production has risen over the years. . Eg: The company is a major car producer. . Eg: He is the producer of several TV shows. . Eg: Studies show that if a working environment is pleasant, productivity increases. . Eg: He had an amazingly productive five years in which he managed to write four novels. . Eg: We had a very productive meeting-I felt we solved lots of problems. .

3. widely adv. 广泛地;普遍地

Eg: His plays are still widely performed in the USA. . Eg: The theory is no longer widely accepted. . 词性拓展: adj.宽的;广泛的 . v. 加宽;扩展 .

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Eg: a wide river/road/gap/foot . Eg: His eyes were wide(=opened much more than usual) with surprise . Eg: We sell a wide range of skin-care products. . Eg: She has a wide experience of teaching, in many different schools. . Eg: Reading books widely can widen your knowledge. .

4. process v. 加工;处理 n. 过程

Eg: A meeting is in process. . Eg: Increasing the number of women in top management jobs will be a slow process. . Eg: It’s all part of the learning process. . Eg: Scientists need to process a great deal of data .

5. pack v. 包装;装箱 n. 包裹

固定搭配: 一包;一群(动物等);一盒 .

整理; 把...打包 .

Eg: I decided to pack a few things and take the kids to my mum's. . Eg: The speaker is really telling a pack of lies to the audience. . Eg: He still has six weeks left in office but there's nothing to do except to pack up his papers. .

6. local adj. 当地的;本地的 n. 当地人;本地人

Eg: Most of the local people depend on fishing for their income. . Eg: Many local shops will be forced to close if the new supermarket is built. . Eg: The cafe is popular with both locals and visitors. . 词性拓展: v. 位于;坐落于... . n. 地点;位置 .

Eg: Our office is located in midtown Manhattan. . Eg: The hotel is in a beautiful location overlooking the lake. . Eg: A map showing the location of the city will be sent to you. .

7. avoid v. 避免;回避

固定搭配: 避免做某事 .

Eg: I try to avoid supermarkets on Saturdays-they’re always so busy. .

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Eg: Do you think Lukas is avoiding me? I haven’t seen him all day. . Eg: I try to avoid going shopping on Saturdays. . Eg: Unnecessary paperwork should be avoided(=prevented) at all cost. . 词性拓展: n. 避免 . adj. 可避免的 .

adj. 不可避免的 . Eg: The avoidance of injury is critical to a professional athlete.. . Eg: A number of illness are entirely avoidable. . Eg: It is unavoidable to contact with different kinds of people. .

8. complete v. 完成 adj. 完全的

Eg: Complete the sentence with one of the adjectives provided. . Eg: Have you completed your application form yet? . Eg: He’s just completed(=finished) making a cake for her mother’s birthday. . Eg: The man is a complete fool! . Eg: Sunshine, sand and romance-her holiday was complete. . 词性拓展: adv. 完全地;彻底地;十分地 .

Eg: I agree with you completely. . Eg: He’d completely changed-I didn’t recognize him. .

9. polish v. 磨光;修改;润色

Eg: Polish your shoes regularly to protect the leather . Eg: The article was carefully polished and checked before publishing. . 词性拓展: adj. 完美的;精良的 .

Eg: The dancers gave us a polished performance.. . Eg: a polished manner .

10. heat n. 热;高温 v. 加热;变热

固定搭配: 在极高的温度下 .

Eg: How do you manage to work in this heat without air conditioning? . Eg: A large house like this must be expensive to heat. . Eg: Shall I heat up some soup for lunch? .

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词性拓展: n. 加热器;炉子 . adj. 激烈的 . Eg: The heater can give off warmth. . Eg: a heated argument/discussion/debate. .

11. celebrate v. 庆祝; 赞美;歌颂

Eg: We always celebrate our wedding anniversary by going out to dinner. . Eg: His work celebrates the energy and enthusiasm. . 词性拓展: n. 庆典;庆祝活动 . adj. 著名的;闻名的 . n. 名人;名流 . Eg: There were lively New Year celebrations all over town. . Eg: Let’s buy some champagne in celebration of her safe arrival. . Eg: a celebrated opera singer/city/novel . Eg: a social celebrity/ Everyone wants to be a celebrity. .

12. form n. 形式;类型

Eg: Swimming is the best form of exercise. .

Eg: When you have completed the application form, hand it in at the desk. . Eg: A plan began to form in his head. . Eg: As a language learner, we should form a good habit of extensive reading. . 形近词拓展: adj. 前者的;以前的 . adj. 正式的;正规的 . Eg: the former president of the United States . Eg: Of the two suggestions, I prefer the former. . Eg: a formal dinner party . Eg: Tom had little formal education. .

13. lively adj. 生机勃勃的;(色彩)鲜艳的

Eg: He told a very lively story about his life. . Eg: He may be eighty, but he is still lively. . 词汇辨析: alive/living/live/lively

 alive作表语,可指人或动物,作后置定语或补语,说明生与死的界限,与dead相对应. a fish alive 一条活着的鱼

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The thief was caught alive. . He is the only person alive after the crash. .  living指人或物,作定语,表语,说明某个时候是活着的,强调“尚在人间,健在”的意思. His grandfather is still living when he is 103. . 注意:living前加上the,表示类别,指“活着的人们”,为复数含义.

The living are more important to us than the dead. . living还可用语短语: make a/one’s living by doing sth 通过做...谋生

 live只作前置定语,接名词,常修饰动物,一般不指人,译为“活的,生动的;现场直播的;实况的” My mother bought a live fish this morning. . There will be a live concert tonight. .  lively 指人和物,可译为“活泼的,有生气的,充满生机的”,作定语,表语.

She is a lively girl. .

14. rise(rose-risen) v. 上升;上涨

Eg: New buildings are rising(=being built) throughout the city. . Eg: She rose from her chair to welcome us. . 词汇辨析:rise/raise/arise

 rise说明主语自身移向较高的位置,常用于日,月,云,烟,雾,蒸汽,河水,温度,物价等,无被动语态.  raise说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的,往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义. raise money . raise a family . raise salaries . raise one’s hand . raise a question .

 arise(问题,困难)等出现;发生;产生;主语一般为抽象名词,如problem, trouble等, 无被动语态. Eg: I had to raise my voice(=speak more loudly) to make myself heard over the noise. . Eg: Our little chat has raised my spirit(=made me feel happier). . Eg: If the opportunity arises, I’d love to go to China. . Eg: Are there any matters arising from(=caused by) the last meeting. .

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二.单元语法聚焦之-- “一般现在时的被动语态”

被动语态(一)

英语中的动词有两种语态：主动语态与被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。本单元主要介绍一般现在时的被动语态。

一般现在时的被动语态，其肯定式、否定式及疑问式如下： 1. 肯定式： 主语＋am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他.

French is learned as a foreign language by them. 他们把法语当作一门外语学习。 These glasses are used for drinking water. 这些玻璃杯被用来喝水。

2. 否定式： 主语＋am/is/are＋not＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他. The room isn't cleaned every day. 这个房间不是每天都被打扫。

He says that those plants aren't always watered. 他说不要总是给那些植物浇水。 3. 疑问式： Am/Is/Are＋主语＋及物动词的过去分词＋其他？ —Are any trees planted on the hill every year? 每年都在这座山上种植一些树吗？ —No, they aren't. 不，不是的。

Is he allowed to drive a car?他被允许开车吗？

Ⅰ. 单项填空

( )1. (2018·呼和浩特)—Can Mr. King spare some time for the meeting?

—If he ________， he will try his best to make it.

A. will be invited

B. is invited

C. invites

D. invited

( )2. (2019·内江)In some African countries, children are made ________ heavy work because their parents have died.

A. doing

B. done

C. do

D. to do

( )3. —How often ________ your classroom ________？

—Twice a day.

A. are; cleaned B. does; clean

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C. is; cleaned D. are; clean

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( )4. —Are the flowers watered every day?

—________. It's too hot here.

A. Yes, it does C. No, it isn't

B. Yes, they are D. No, they don't

( )5. (2019·黄石)—Why does the earth look blue in space?

—Because most of the earth's surface ________ by water.

A. covers

B. is covered

C. cover

D. are covered

( )6. (2018·河南)—Why are you leaving your job?

—I can't stand it any longer. I ________ always ________ to work overtime.

A. am; asking

B. am; asked

C. was; asking

D. was; asked

Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 这枚戒指是银制的。

The ring ________ ________ ________ silver. 2. 不要在这里吸烟。公共场所不允许吸烟。

Don't smoke here. Smoking ________ ________ in public places. 3. 老板每个月都会按时给我们酬劳。

We ________ ________ by the boss on time every month. 4. 每年这所学校有些学生被派往国外做交换生。

Some students in this school ________ ________ abroad as exchange students every year. Ⅲ. 按要求完成下列各题

1. My friend often sends some nice presents to the poor children. (改为被动语态) Some nice presents ________ often ________ to the poor children ________ my friend. 2. The money is used to help the sick people. (改为主动语态) We ________ the money ________ ________ the sick people.

3. He takes a lot of photos of birds in the mountains every month. (改为被动语态)

A lot of photos of birds ________ ________ ________ ________ in the mountains every month. 4. These old people are looked after very well. (改为一般疑问句) ________ these old people ________ after very well？

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