高中英语阅读理解综合练习题百度文库

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解

Since we've headed into the snowy part of the year, it seems like a good time to solve a language puzzle that Eskimos have a huge number of words for snow. The idea was popularized by the now well-known expert Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s. His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger.

There are two problems with the concept of Eskimos having tons of words for snow.

First, Eskimos speak at least two different languages—Inuit and Yupik. Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European, Inuit and Yupik come from a different common language called Eskimo-Aleut. So saying Eskimos have 100 words for snow is like saying Europeans have 100 words for kings or queens. It might be telling you something broad about culture, but it isn't really telling you much about language.

The second problem is \"What is a word?” The Inuit and Yupik languages make words in different ways from how we make words in English. For example, the West Greenlandic word 'siku,' (sea ice), is used as the root for 'sikursuit (pack ice), 'Sikuliaq (new ice), and 'sikurluk (melting ice). But it's not that West Greenlandic has so many more words for describing snow than English, it's just that West Greenlandic expresses ideas by combining meaningful units of language together into one word while English uses more phrases and compounds. We express all the same ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built. So you're probably still wondering, \"If it's not 50 or 100 or 400 words, how many is it?\" Well, Woodbury lists 15 that are present in a Yupik dictionary published in 1984, but he says that depending on how you look at it this is not an exact number. It could be 12; it could be 24. But it's certainly not 100.

Sometimes, the \"hundred words for snow\" puzzle is used to argue that because Eskimos have so many words for snow, they think about snow in ways that we can't even begin to imagine—that your language decides or limits your thoughts. Languages are just different. They don't decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about. I can think about snow floating on water even if we don't have a word for that in English.

So when you're out skiing or snowboarding or just shoveling your driveway this winter, don't believe the people who try to tell you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow. （1）Why are Eskimos thought to have so many words for snow? A. Because snow is everywhere where Eskimos live. B. Because the story about it got enriched and believed. C. Because snow is of great importance to Eskimos. D. Because Eskimos have great affection for snow. （2）How does the writer explain the first problem?

A. By presenting figures. B. By making comparisons. C. By quoting sayings. D. By adopting idioms.

（3）The example of the west Greenlandic word 'siku' shows that . A. the making of words varies from language to language B. the Inuit and Yupik languages have more words for snow C. the richness of words and phrases leads to different ideas D. more phrases about snow are found in the English language

（4）What conclusion can we safely draw from the last two paragraphs? A. Eskimos better understand snow than other people. B. Languages deeply influence people's ability to think. C. There is no point counting Eskimo's expressions for snow. D. What comes into our mind is limited by our language. 【答案】 （1）B （2）B （3）A （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱斯基摩人描述雪的词语虽然多但并非传言中的100多个。出现这一想象的原因是1. 爱斯基摩人本身就说两种语言，不同的语言就会有不同的描述。2. 词汇方面的融合也使得他们有很多能描述雪的词语。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger.”可知，本身Benjamin Lee Whorf对于雪的词汇可能就只有5个，但是故事不断的传播，甚至带着浪漫主义气息，使得故事传播的越来越广泛，故事内容也越来越夸张。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段 中的“Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European …”，作者将英语和从原始印欧语发展而来的其他语言进行了比较，由此可知采用了比较的方法。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”We express all the same ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built.“以及第四段的例子中，不同语言、不同词汇表达的都是同一个意思，唯一不同的是语言构建方式的不同而已。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Languages are just different. They don't decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about.”语言都是不一样的，而且语言也决定不了我们能或不能想什么；以及最后一段中的“don't believe the people who try to tell you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow.”不用相信那些想要告诉你爱斯基摩人有100种描述雪的词汇，即不用在意究竟有多少词。由此可知，词汇的多少并不影响思想，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Harvard Pre-College Program

SESSION I: 2019 college experience. HERE YOU CAN:

SESSION II: 2019 SESSION III: 2019 June 23 — July 5, July 7 — July 19, July 21 — August 2, Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful

Learn without limits

Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects. Live at Harvard

You will live in a historic undergraduate house near Harvard Square. Your plan covers three meals a day, seven days a week. Have fun outside the classroom

You might enjoy a Cirque du Sileil performance, a Red Sox game at Fenway Park, or a trip to the Museum of Science. ELIGIBILITY (申请资格)

Students are academically motivated and will graduate in 2020 or 2021. TO APPLY

Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations. INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Participants should apply for the B-2 tourist visa. If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFLor IELTS language proficiency exam. APPLICATION TIPS

No fee is required to start your application. You will be asked to pay the application fee only upon submitting the application.

The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.

Use a desktop or laptop. You will be asked to write short essays as part of your application. This may be challenging to do on a mobile phone.

You will receive an email informing you of the application status approximately three weeks after you have completed your application.

（1）Harvard organizes such a program to ______. A. reduce students' academic pressure B. select good students to join in Harvard C. make students obtain high grades in their study D. help students prepare for their future college life （2）What can we learn about the program? A. Students are offered three meals except weekends. B. It merely has two sessions during one summer. C. It provides courses on various subjects for students.

D. Students can live in a hotel near Harvard.

（3）If you are a native student who wants to apply for the program, you need to provide ______.

A. a B-2 tourist visa B. transcripts with your fall 2018 grades

C. scores from the TOEFL exam D. a recommendation letter from your high school teacher （4）The applicants can learn from the application tips that ______. A. their TOEFL or IELTS scores should meet the requirements B. the application fee should be paid before they start applying C. it is convenient to use any electronic products to apply D. they can check the application status in a week 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了哈佛大学帮助学生为大学生活做准备而开设的一个暑期项目的情况。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段”Our summer program for high school students is designed to pave the way for a successful college experience.“我们的高中生暑期项目是为成功的大学生活铺平道路的。）可知哈佛大学组织了这样一个项目来帮助学生为他们未来的大学生活做准备。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Learn without limits部分中的”Pursue your interests in courses focusing on physics, law, writing, philosophy, and a dozen other subjects.“在物理、法律、写作、哲学和其他十几个学科上追求你的兴趣。可知项目为学生提供不同学科的课程。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据TO APPLY部分中的”Complete an online application and provide the following materials: the $50 nonrefundable application fee; transcripts (成绩单) with fall 2018 grades; signed rules and regulations.“完成网上申请，并提供以下材料:50美元的不可退还的申请费;2018年秋季成绩单;签署规章制度。可知如果你是本地学生，想要申请这个项目，你需要提供2018年秋季的成绩单。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据APPLICATION TIPS部分中”* The scores of successful applicants are typically above 103 on the TOEFL with 25 on the written section or at least 7.5 on the IELTS with 7 on the written section.“成功申请者的托福成绩一般在103分以上，写作部分25分，雅思至少7.5分，写作部分7分。可知申请者可以从APPLICATION TIPS中了解到他们的托福或雅思成绩应该达到的分数要求。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解 Book: No Looking Back Author: Shivani Gupta

Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash. It took Shivani years of pain, struggle and determination to regain control of her life and her body. Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into her car. Shivani refused to give in-she wouldn't let her injury keep her from achieving her ambitions. Book: Courage Beyond Compare Author: Sanjay Sharma

The 10 sportspersons in the book are champions in diverse fields like athletics, swimming, and badminton, who have brought glory to the country. They overcame their physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields. Book: Face to Face Author: Ved Mehta

Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the Blind, to which he flew alone at 15. America and the school changed his life, leading him to degrees at Oxford and Harvard and a fruitful writing career. Book: This Star Won's Go Out Author: Lori and Wayne Earl

Diagnosed with cancer at 12, Esther Earl was a bright and talented, but very normal teenager. She lived a hope-filled and generous life. A cheerful, positive and encouraging daughter, sister and friend, Esther died in 2010, shortly after turning 16, but not before inspiring thousands through her growing online presence.

（1）The book No Looking Back mainly talks about________. A. an unlucky girl who experienced two car accidents B. 10 disabled athletes who are champions in sports field C. a successful author who was blind during his childhood D. an inspiring teenager who died of cancer

（2）When reading the book written by Sanjay Sharma, we will______. A.find the author is a sports lover B.get inspired by the sportspersons' spirits C.be proud to be a sportsperson D.find sportspersons are full of power

（3）In which book does the author tell of himself? A.Face to Face B.This Star Won't Go Out C.Courage Beyond Compare D.No Looking Back 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四本书及其作者和书的简介。

（1）考查段落大意。根据 Book: No Looking Back部分中的“Shivani had thrown a party one

evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash.”和第三句“Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into her car.”一天晚上Shivani举行一个聚会，等她醒来时发现自己由于车祸住进了医院。然后悲剧再次发生，当新婚的Shivani开车带家人去Manali时，一辆卡车和她的车相撞，可知，这本书主要讲述了经历两次车祸的不幸女孩Shivani的故事。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据Book: Courage Beyond Compare部分中的“They overcame their physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields.”这些运动员克服身体局限达到他们自己所选择领域的顶峰，可知，我们会从这些运动员不屈不挠的精神中获得鼓舞。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Book: Face to Face部分中的“Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the Blind,”作者自从四岁时失明，在印度他度过了孤独的童年，最终考取了Arkansas盲人学校，可知，在书中作者讲述自己的故事。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.

The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.

The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.

But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don't receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.

\"It's a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,\" said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who's a member of the union's negotiating committee. \"This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn't regularly enjoyed every single day working on projects.\"

Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. \"I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're

hired,\" says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee. \"And yet that happens every day in the video game world,\" Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. \"I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.\" Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors \"represent less than one tenth of l percent of the work that goes into making a video game.\" So \"even though they're the top craftsmen in their field,\" Witlin says, \"if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies.\"

（1）Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers? A. It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks. B. The labor contract between them had been violated. C. The negotiations between them had broken down. D. Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.

（2）What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry? A. It has invested a lot in its domestic market. B. It has attracted many famous voice actors. C. It has become more open and transparent. D. It has gained huge profits in recent years. （3）What are the voice actors demanding?

A. Extra pay based on sales revenues. B. A non-discriminatory contract. C. A limit on the maximum work hours. D. More regular employment. （4）What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors? A. They are not paid on a regular basis.

B. They are kept in the dark about many details of their job. C. They are discriminated against in the gaming industry. D. They are not employed full-time.

（5）What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?

A. Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems. B. Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in fine with the law. C. Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen. D. Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）A （4）B （5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国演员工会针对配音演员酬劳协商无果的问题进行了罢工。近年来美国游戏行业快速发展，游戏公司从中获得巨大利润，但配音演员的酬劳却一直维持不变，故他们希望可以按照游戏销售量获得额外的报酬。但律师认为如果改变声音演员的报酬系统，游戏公司将会面临更多的问题，因为他们只做了其中少之又少的工作。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months

of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014.“可知，由于为期19个月的谈判没有成功，SAG-AFTRA决定采取罢工来对抗一些游戏制作公司。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.“可知，近几年游戏行业发展迅速，2015年游戏行业创造了235亿美元的国内总收入。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation---a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.“可知，配音演员要求得到额外的补偿——每款游戏卖出200万份拷贝或下载，或者拥有200万订阅者（最高800万），配音演员可以得到一份表演奖金，即配音演员希望按游戏销售量得到额外的报酬。故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“’I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired,‘ says voice actor”可知，Keythe Farley说配音演员在被雇佣时不知道自己在演什么角色，即她认为他们在被雇佣时不知道和工作相关的信息。故选B。

（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies”可知，Scott Witlin认为，改变配音演员的酬劳体系会给游戏公司带来更多的问题，因为他们只做了其中0.1%的工作。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Smart Kids Festival Events

Smart Kids is a collection of one hundred events scheduled in October. This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford, after you have attended an event. You can pre-book events without paying for a ticket in advance. Here are some of the director's picks. Walk on the Wild Side Not ticketed, Free

Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals. Along the way you'll meet all sorts of beautiful creatures and discover life cycles and food chains. Best suited to children aged 5-9. Children under 8 must be accompanied by an adult. Introduction to Waves Pre-book, PWYD

Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean. Mike Goldsmith explores the fundamental features shared by all waves in the natural world. Science in the Field

Not ticketed, Free

This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips. Come along for inspiring and informative stories straight from the scientist's mouth. Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun-filled workshop. Festival Dinner Pre-book, £25 per person

Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London. Which foods should you eat to trick your brain into thinking that you are full? Find out more from Tom Crawford. （1）In which event can you decide the payment?

A. Walk on the Wild Side B. Introduction to Waves C. Science in the Field D. Festival Dinner （2）Who will talk about experiences of collecting direct data? A.Sarah Law. B.Mike Goldsmith. C.Mark Samuels. D.Tom Crawford.

（3）What do the four events have in common? A.Family-based. B.Science-themed. C.Picked by children. D.Filled with adventures. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Smart Kids收集的份举行的四项以科学会主题的活动，以及各个活动的内容和特色。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford”可知PWYD中你可以决定付款，而四项活动中只有Introduction to Waves有PWYD，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Science in the Field 部分中的“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.”可知Mark Samuels会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆。故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals.”和讲故事的萨拉·劳一起来听关于动物的科学故事；第三段中的“Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean.”实验对象范围从声波到重力波，从光波到撞击海洋的波浪；第四段中的“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.”这位科学家会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆；以及最后一段中的“ Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to

mark the first science festival in London.”无论你是想探索更多关于食物的知识，还是只是想边吃边聊，加入我们来纪念伦敦首届科学节吧。可知这四项活动的共同点都是以科学为主题的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary

This handy translator provides you with 5,000,000 total translation to and from Spanish and English! This dictionary is specially designed for all levels of language ability from beginners to advanced learners.

Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator

This special model features the largest and most complete Russian-English dictionary. Advanced English speech, accent correction function and specialized terms database will help you better communicate. Business organizers will allow you to stay in touch with the world through all kinds of advanced features.

Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary

It is the nearest word finder. It is also great for cross word puzzles. It will show you the time, day and date of local time zone and the same for over 100 cities throughout the world by simply entering the first letter of the name of the city. The Lingo Traveler 18

It is an international translator containing over 96,000 words and 8,000 useful phrases. Equipped with a powerful databank, the Lingo Traveler 18 allows you to store all of your appointments, telephone numbers, and addresses.

（1）Which dictionary can help to improve your Spanish?

A. Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary B. The Lingo Traveler 18

C. Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary D. Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator （2）Which of the following is the most complete Russian-English dictionary? A. The Lingo Traveler 18 B. Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator

C. Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary D. Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary

（3）What sets the Lingo Traveler 18 apart from other dictionaries? A. It provides readers with 96,000 phrases and 8,000 words. B. It shows the time, day and date of local time zone over 100 cities. C. It offers advanced features for you to stay in touch with the world. D. It can store your appointments, telephone numbers and addresses. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，推荐了一些电子词典，并介绍了每款电子词典的优

点。

（1）考查推理判断。根据Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary部分中的“This handy translator provides you with 5,000,000 total translation to and from Spanish and English!”可知Norman Merriam Webster BES—185Dictionary提供了西班牙语和英语互译的五百万条翻译，故推测该词典可以帮助学好西班牙语。选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator部分中的“This special model features the largest and most complete Russian-English dictionary.”可知Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator是最大和最完整的俄英词典。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据前面三部分的内容和The Lingo Traveler 18部分中的“the Lingo Traveler 18 allows you to store all of your appointments, telephone numbers, and addresses.”可知，只有Lingo Traveler有存储预约，电话号码和地址的功能。这是它与其它三种电子词典的不同之处。D. It can store your appointments, telephone numbers and addresses.“它能够储存预约，电话号码和地址”符合以上说法，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

British Museum Visitor Regulations Opening hours

We open the Museum's galleries daily from 10：00 am until 17：30 pm. We keep selected galleries open until 20：30 pm on Fridays.

The Museum's Great Court is open from 9:00 am until 18:00 pm; except on Fridays when it remains open until 20:30 pm.

You may be asked by your staff to begin leaving up to ten minutes before closing time. The Museum is closed 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission

We warmly welcome you on your visit to the Museum. In the interests of the security of all of our visitors we require you follow these regulations.

Admission to the Museum is free, but we may charge for entry to some temporary exhibitions and events. Food and drink

You aren't allowed to consume food and drink inside the Museum, except in places such as the restaurant and cafes or the forecourt. Families with children may use the Ford Centre for young visitors in the basement of the Museum's Great Court at weekends and during school holidays. Animals

If you have a disability, you may be accompanied in the Museum by your guide, assistant or companion animal. You aren't allowed to bring animals into the Museum under any other circumstance.

Film, photography and audio recording

Except the place that are indicated by notices, you're permitted to use hand-held cameras

(including mobile phones) with flash bulbs or flash units, and audio and film recording equipment not requiring a stand. You may use your photographs, film and audio recordings only for your own private and non-commercial purposes. （1）When can visitors visit the Museum?

A. At 18:30 pm on weekends. B. At 14:00 am on Christmas Day. C. At 19:00 pm on Fridays. D. At 11:00 am on New Year's Day. （2）Who are the regulations mainly intended for?

A. The visitors. B. The staff. C. The parents. D. The children. （3）What can visitors do in the Museum?

A. Eat and drink as they like. B. Take along their pet dogs. C. Record films for sale. D. Take photos for personal purpose. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了大英博物馆的游客守则。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Opening hours部分中的“The Museum's Great Court is open from 9:00 am until 18:00 pm; except on Fridays when it remains open until 20:30 pm.”及“The Museum is closed 24-26 December and 1 January.”可知，大英博物馆从上午9点开放到下午18点，周五开放到晚上20:30，12月24日至26日圣诞节期间和1月1日新年是闭馆的，由此可知，你可以在星期五晚上19:00去参观，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。纵观全文，以及标题“British Museum Visitor Regulations”可知，本文介绍的是大英博物馆的游客守则，自然是针对游客的，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Film, photography and audio recording部分中的“You may use your photographs, film and audio recordings only for your own private and non-commercial purposes.”可知，大英博物馆里允许游客出于个人目的或非商业目的拍照，故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

It was just before 8 a.m. on October 17, 2010.She'd checked the higher summits forecast posted by the Mount Washington Observatory before she left. Based on her experience, Bales knew that her hike was realistic. Besides, she had two plans and extra layers of clothing to better regulate her temperature as conditions changed.

At 10:30 a.m., the weather was showing its teeth. Bales added even more layers, including a jacket to protect herself from the cold winds and heavy fog. She made her way across the snow—covered ridge toward Mount Washington and began to think about calling it a day. Then she noticed something: a single set of footprints in the snow ahead of her. She'd been following faint tracks all day and hadn't given them much thought, because so many people climbed Jewell Trail. But these, she realized, had been made by a pair of sneakers. She silently scolded the absent hiker for breaking normal safety rules and walked on.

Now she felt genuinely alarmed. She was sure the hiker could not navigate(找到方向)in the low visibility and was heading straight toward the challenging trails of the Great Gulf Wilderness. Bales stood there, shocked. The temperature and clouds were in a race to find their lowest point, and darkness was mere hours away. If Bales continued to follow the tracks, she'd add risk and time to the route she'd already adjusted to manage both. But she could not let this go. She turned to the left and called out, \"Hello!\" into the frozen fog.

Bales wouldn't get an answer until a week later, when the president of her rescue group received a letter in the mail. It read: \"I hope this reaches the right group of rescuers. I want to remain anonymous(匿名的), but I was called John. On Sunday, October 17, I went up my favorite trail, Jewell, to end my life. Weather was to be bad. Thought no one else would be there. I was dressed to go quickly. Next thing I knew this lady was talking to me, changing my clothes, giving me food, making me warmer.\"

（1）What does the underlined sentence mean? A.The weather began to get worse. B.Nobody controlled the weather. C.Weather could never be predicted. D.Weather was generally changeable.

（2）Why did Bales feel really frightened? A.Because she lost her way completely. B.Because the terrible weather was on the way. C.Because she was blinded by the frozen fog.

D.Because she was convinced that someone was in trouble. （3）What is the purpose of John's hiking? A.To challenge his limit. B.To go up his favorite trail.

C.To donate some money to rescue group. D.To kill himself without being discovered. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，贝尔斯在天气恶劣时去登山，无意发现一串往危险区域行进的脚印，她知道有人陷入了困境。尽管很害怕，尽管天气情况很糟糕，她还是跟着脚印继续前进，最终救了那个人。一周后才知道那人名叫约翰，当时准备自杀。 （1）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“Bales added even more layers, including a jacket to protect herself from the cold winds and heavy fog.可知贝尔斯增加更多的衣服来保护自己免受寒风和浓雾的侵袭，由此推断划线部分的意思是“天气正在变得更糟”。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Now she felt genuinely alarmed. She was sure the hiker could not navigate(找到方向)in the low visibility and was heading straight toward the challenging trails of the Great Gulf Wilderness.“可知贝尔斯看到脚印后非常害怕，因为她知道有人无法导航，这个人正在向海湾区域前进，那是最具挑战性的线路，即贝尔斯确信有人

遇上麻烦了，所以她感到害怕。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”On Sunday, October 17, I went up my favorite trail, Jewell, to end my life. Weather was to be bad. Thought no one else would be there. I was dressed to go quickly.”可知，约翰这天选择这条线路去登山的目的是在没人看见的情况下结束自己的生命，所以他穿的很少，以便快速行走。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和句义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully cast a net around a dummy (仿真的) satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage. The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.

Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage.

Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area.

The RemoveDEBRIS experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the U. K.'s Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and France's ArianeGroup.

Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.

The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris.

Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said the success of this week's experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against \"over- publicizing\" it. There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects.

Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said \"The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks.\" Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.

（1）What is the use of the RemoveDEBRIS satellite?

A. Demonstrating space technology. B. Imitating a developing technique. C. Collecting wastes existing in space. D. Symbolizing great progress in space. （2）How does the RemoveDEBRlS satellite work?

A. By throwing a net to take the junk from orbit. B. By fastening it to the main satellite tightly. C. By dragging satellites up to 10 meters long. D. By targeting large pieces of junk carefully.

（3）What does the underlined word \"sponsor\" in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Accomplish. B. Support. C. Oppose. D. Provide. （4）What's the best title for the text? A. The RemoveDEBRIS Project Is Perfect B. How RemoveDEBRIS Is Invented in the Lab C. Why the RemoveDEBRIS Satellite Is Invented D. Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First Time 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“卫星首次收集太空垃圾。”一种名为“清除碎片”的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网，模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中“...,imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.”模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。可知，the RemoveDEBRIS卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“...,said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.“该公司表示，一种操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。它可以瞄准大块的垃圾，包括长达10米的报废卫星。”可知，RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带离轨道。故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的”Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.“Aglietti说，他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次，目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃圾碎片。可知，“挑战在于说服有关当局赞助这些任务。”可知，划线词的意思是“支持”。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的”The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.“专家告诉CNN，本周进行的这次测试被广泛认为是太空清洁技术的首次成功演示。它象征着解决太空垃圾这一关键问题的第一步。可知，本文主题是“卫星首次收集太空垃圾”。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行

分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

It seems that electronic devices just keep getting smaller. Scientists in the United States have announced the creation of the first transistor with only two dimensions(二维).

A transistor is a small electronic device that transfers or carries electronic current. Scientists hope these new 2D transistors will be used for building high-resolution(高分辨率)displays that need very little energy.

Two groups of scientists created these 2D transistors. They report that the transistors are only a few atoms thick.

Usually transistors are made with the element silicon(硅). Computer processors, memory chips, TV screens and other electronic devices contain billions of silicon-based transistors. But these very small electrical parts have certain limitations.

Dimitris Ioannou is an electrical engineering professor at George Mason University. He says the traditional transistor has been improved as much as it can be. He adds that researchers have been looking for new materials with special features and they want transistors to be seen through and soft.

\"If the layers are very thin, the transistor can become flexible, so it doesn't have to be rigid(坚硬的), like it would be in a silicon chip. So people can think of applications like wearable electronics, television screens and other things,\" said Ioannou.

These new transistors can also carry higher current. They also can move the current much faster than traditional transistors. This is important for high-definition screens.

Dimitris Ioannou says the scientific success could prove very useful in the future. \"Now, how good and how useful it will be, it's still in the stage of research, but it certainly is an advance,\" said Ioannou.

（1）Which of the following statements about the newly created transistor is TRUE? A.They are expected to be used in high-resolution displays. B.The transistors are made with the element silicon. C.They are rigid, just like traditional transistors. D.They have already been put into actual use.

（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean? A.The traditional transistors have been changed into two-dimensional ones. B.Many of the traditional transistors have been improved over the years. C.The traditional transistor has been developed to its fullest. D.The traditional transistor has been developed quite well.

（3）What is Dimitris Ioannou's attitude towards the creation of the new transistors? A.Negative. B.Neutral. C.Indifferent. D.Positive. 【答案】 （1）A

（2）C （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国科学家发明了新的二维晶体管，介绍了新型二维晶体管的相关信息及未来前景。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Scientists hope these new 2D transistors will be used for building high-resolution（高分辨率）displays that need very little energy.”可知，科学家们希望能用这些新的二维晶体管来制造高分辨率的显示器。故选A。

（2）考查句义猜测。划线句句意为“他说传统的晶体管已经尽可能地改进了”可推知，传统的晶体管已经开发到了极致。故选C。

（3）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的Dimitris Ioannou所说的话可推知，他对于这种新型的晶体管持有积极乐观的态度。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

Every year migratory(迁徙的) bats travel from Mexico to Bracken Cave, where they spend the summer consuming insects that would otherwise hungrily eat common food crops. But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.

In a study, scientists at Rothamsted Research, an agricultural laboratory in England, used radar data from 160 U.S. weather stations to analyze activity in the Texas bat colony from 1995 through 2017. They discovered the creatures were leaving their winter quarters in Mexico earlier and reproducing sooner. They were also astonished to find increasing numbers of bats overwintering(过冬) at Bracken Cave instead of heading back to their cold weather quarters in Mexico. Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.

A separate study of migratory bats in Indiana, published last year, found that temperature variations affected arrival and departure times—likewise hinting at the potential influence of climate change. Joy O'Keefe, a biology professor at Indiana State University and co-author of that study, says early arrival at their summer habitats(栖息地) could expose these bats to cold snaps(寒流), and they could freeze to death.

Joy O'Keefe and her colleagues also found that changing bat migration times can also clash with rainfall patterns. Many insects that bats eat breed in seasonal lakes and puddles. If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. \"Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success,\" she says, adding that bats also \"control significant disease vectors, such as mosquitoes.\"

However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier. They have found a direct link between seasonal temperatures and bird

migration, but bats are also influenced by factors such as changes in wind speed and direction. And there are other complications. “Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track,\" Stepanian says. \"We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.\" （1）Scientists at Rothamsted Research found that _________. A. bats prefer colder weather B. bats delay their reproduction C. warming affects bat migration D. radar can be used to observe bats （2）Joy O'Keefe discovered that _________. A. bats are used to living in rainfall seasons B. bats' earlier migration might harm farming C. insects' reproduction helps to spread disease D. insects shortage makes bats reproduce earlier （3）What does the last paragraph want to tell us?

A. Wind speed and direction affect bats. B. It is difficult to observe and track bats. C. Climate change makes bats migrate earlier. D. Further research on the cause is necessary. （4）What is the best title for the passage?

A. Bats' habitats B. Endangered bats C. Bats' schedule D. Bats, our good friends 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）D （4）C 【解析】【分析】

【点评】本文是一篇说明文，作者先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.”罗斯泰德的生物学家菲利普·斯捷潘尼安说，越冬是气温升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志，可知，蝙蝠越冬的方式是一个迹象，这表明了气温上升改变了它们每年的迁徙规律。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“‘If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects, they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. “Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success,’ she says”奥基夫说，如果蝙蝠来得太早，无法从夏季降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中获益，它们可能难以喂养幼崽，或者完全跳过繁殖。她担心这种转变可能会导致中西部蝙蝠走向灭绝，这对人类来说是个坏消息。“蝙蝠数量的减少可能对作物的成功产生严重影响，”她说，可知，蝙蝠过早地迁徙会因为缺少食物，导致喂养幼仔的困难，或者跳过繁殖期，这将导致蝙蝠数量减少，害虫增加，从而对农作物产生影响。由此可知，乔伊·奥基夫发现，蝙蝠过早的迁徙可能会危害农业。故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier.”然而，科学家们还不能

确定仅仅是气候变化就导致了蕨类洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的迁徙；及“Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track,” Stepanian says. “We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.”斯捷潘尼安说：“蝙蝠是神秘的小动物，大多在夜间活动，很难观察和追踪。”。“我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的描述，但真正将其与原因联系起来还需要进一步的研究。”可推知，对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。作者通过第一段中的“But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.”但是蝙蝠出现的时间比20年前要早得多）提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。由此可知，本文主要围绕蝙蝠的迁徙时间变化展开介绍分析。由此可知选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

At the age of seven, while his friends were spending pocket money on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo was busy saving money for more essential purchases. To try to get his peers to do the same, the youngster from Arequipa, Peru came up with the innovative idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence— while also helping the environment.

Established in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world's first bank for kids. To open an account, kids have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste (paper or plastic) and establish a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank \"partners\" are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and meet other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.

The waste collected is sold to local recycling companies, who, thanks to Jose, pay a higher-than-market rate for everything brought in by Bartselana Student Bank members. The funds received are placed in the individual's account until his/her savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw his/her money, or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger target. \"At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy,\" Jose recalls. \"They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily. I had the support of the school principal.\"

By 2013, the bank had over 200 members who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, has ten educational centers. They are designed to teach the over 3,000 members both finance and environmental management. On December 6, 2018, in response to the growing demand, Bartselana Student Bank began accepting applications from kids all across Peru.

As the teenager says, \"Together we can change the world. We just need an opportunity.\" （1）What is the purpose of the eco-bank?

A. To involve kids in the management of the local recycling companies. B. To help kids get pocket money to spend on things like candy and toys.

C. To show kids how important it is to learn environmental management. D. To get kids to help the environment and be economically independent. （2）What duty does an eco-bank member have to perform? A. Attending financial education workshops. B. Bringing in 5 kilos of waste. C. Saving one kilo of solid waste weekly. D. Establishing a savings goal. （3）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Kids are more responsible when growing up. B. The future of the country relies mainly on kids. C. Kids can contribute to the society though young. D. The present is a vital period for kid development.

（4）Which of the following words can best describe Jose?

A. Generous. B. Crazy. C. Flexible. D. Influential. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，巴塞拉纳学生银行成立于2012年，是世界上第一家儿童银行。为了开户，孩子们必须携带至少5公斤的固体废物(纸或塑料)，并设定一个储蓄目标。回收的垃圾被卖给当地的回收公司，多亏了Jose，这些公司为巴塞拉纳学生银行成员带来的所有东西支付高于市场的价格。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“the youngster from Arequipa, Peru came up with the innovative idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence— while also helping the environment.”可知eco-bank的目的是让孩子们帮助环境和变得经济。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and meet other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.”可知所有银行的“合作伙伴”必须每月至少额外存放一公斤可回收物品，并满足其他要求，例如参加金融教育和环境管理研讨会。故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“By 2013, the bank had over 200 members who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, has ten educational centers.”可知到2013年，世界银行已有200多名成员，他们带来了一吨可回收垃圾。如今，生态银行已经得到了几个当地机构的支持，拥有十个教育中心。即可知生态银行是给社会带来了贡献的，即划线部分的意思是作为生态银行成员的孩子们虽然年轻，但是可以为社会做贡献。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“As the teenager says, ‘Together we can change the world. We just need an opportunity.’”可知Jose提到我们可以一起改变世界，我们只是需要一个机会。与上文因为Jose为生态银行成员带来的东西支付高于市场的价格，而使得银行成员有了增加，并得到了当地机构和教育中心的支持，可知Jose是“有影响力的”。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅

读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

We have many trips for you to explore the world your way. Our travel ideas are as diverse as the world itself and are designed to let you experience it. Please start with the following four trips.

Athens and Crete Explorer

Visit Greek's famous capital, Athens, and its largest island, Crete, on this Greece vacation. In Athens, tour the iconic Acropolis and head to nearby Delphi to see the home of the ancient Oracle, before flying to the island of Crete where you can explore its capital, Heraklion, and enjoy its world-famous diet of seafood and cheese. Duration: 8 Days Prices From: US$ 2 Trip Type: Romance & Honeymoon, Tailor-made Travel Ideas London for Families Designed to thrill people of all ages, this family London vacation explores the sights, history and magic of this great city. Visit the world of Harry Potter, the original Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum, and take the Original London Sightseeing Tour. Duration: 9 Days Prices From: US$ 634 Trip Type: Family Vacations, Stopovers/City Breaks, Tailor-made Travel Ideas Australia & New Zealand Explore the two most popular cities of Australia and New Zealand on this air-land tour. Start in Sydney, where you'll tour the Sydney Opera House, sail across the famous harbour, and see koalas and kangaroos at Taronga Zoo. Then head on to Auckland where you'll explore the twin harbours, learn about Maori traditions, and enjoy unbeatable views of the landscape. Duration: 11 Days Prices From: US$ 1,999 Trip Type: Vacation Packages with Airfare Classic Egypt This tour is a true classic designed to give the traveler with limited time a superb introduction to the civilization of Ancient Egypt, focusing on the Nile and its importance to the people. The ancient land of Egypt inspires the imagination like no other. Unlock the land of the Pharaohs on this 9 day journey along the Nile. Duration: 9 Days Prices From: US$ 1,495 Trip Type: Classics (Bestsellers), Tailor-made Travel Ideas （1）Which trip is more likely taken by a newly-married couple? A. London for Families. B. Australia & New Zealand. C. Classic Egypt. D. Athens and Crete Explorer. （2）If you are on the trip to London for Families, you will see ________. A.the ancient Oracle B.the world of Harry Potter C.koalas and kangaroos

D.the ancient land of Egypt

（3）From the text, it can be learnt that all the four trips ________. A.have the same trip type B.take more than one week C.take more than US$ 1000 D.enjoy their famous diet

（4）Where is the text probably taken from? A.A travel brochure. B.A science fiction. C.A storybook. D.A textbook. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个旅程。

（1）考查推理判断。根据Athens and Crete Explorer部分中的”Trip Type: Romance & Honeymoon, Tailor-made Travel Ideas“旅行类型：浪漫蜜月，量身定做的旅行创意，可推知，新婚夫妇极可能会选择Athens and Crete Explorer”雅典和克里特岛探险家“。故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据London for Families部分中的”Visit the world of Harry Potter“参观哈利波特的世界，可知，如果参加伦敦的家庭之旅，你会看到哈利波特的世界。故选B。 （3）考查细节理解题。根据四个旅程中Duration（持续时间）的介绍信息“Duration: 8 Days ，Duration: 9Days，Duration: 11Days”可知，这四个旅程都超过了一周。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”We have many trips for you to explore the world your way. Our travel ideas are as diverse as the world itself and are designed to let you experience it. Please start with the following four trips.“我们有很多旅行供您以您的方式探索世界。我们的旅游理念和世界本身一样多样化，旨在让您体验它。请从以下四次旅行开始。可推知，这篇文章可能来自于旅游手册。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

14．阅读理解

Alison Malmon was ending her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania. US, when she got the news: Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from mental illness.

Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to organize students to talk openly about mental health. It soon blossomed into a national organization that today has more than 450 campus chapters. Leaders with the organization spend their time talking with college students about the pressure that today's young people face.

\"What you hear often is just a need to be perfect,\" said Malmon, \"and a need to present

oneself as perfect.\" A new study in the UK proved that this need for perfectionism is simply part of today's society. In the study, two researchers studied more than 40,000 students from the US, Canada, and the UK. They found that what they called \"socially-prescribed (社会定向型的) perfectionism\" increased by a third between 19 and 2016.

Lead researcher Thomas Curran said that while so many of today's young people try to present a perfect appearance online, social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modem society, meaning young people can't avoid being sorted and ranked in both education and employment. That comes from new normal situation like greater numbers of college students, national examination and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education.

For example, in 1976, half of high school seniors expected to get a college degree of some kind. By 2008, more than 80 percent expected the same. The researchers also said changes in parenting styles over the last two decades might have had an impact. As parents feel increased pressure to raise successful children, they in turn pass their \"achievement anxieties\" onto their kids through \"too much participation in their child's activities or emotions

Those in the mental health community like Malmon say they're concerned about the impact the culture of perfectionism has on mental health on campuses. \"Mental health has truly become this generation's social justice (公正)issue,\" she said. \"It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault.\"

（1）What inspired Alison Malmon to start a group related to mental health? A.Her brother's mental illness. B.Her project during the freshman year. C.The pressure she had experienced. D.Her strong interest in mental health.

（2）What may be pushing today's young people to struggle to be perfect, according to the article?

a. The impact of social media.

b. Parents' high expectations of their children. c. The decreasing number of college students. d. The fierce competition in society. e. Their desire to draw their parents' attention. A.a, b, c B.a, d, e C.a, b, d D.b, c, e

（3）What does Malmon think is a way to help young people manage the pressure of perfectionism?

A.Enabling them to know what is to blame for their pressure. B.Lowering their expectations of themselves. C.Reducing parents' involvement in their children's life. D.Making them aware of what true social responsibility is.

（4）What is the article mainly about? A.A new study on college students. B.Research into the trend of perfectionism.

C.A group devoted to helping people stay mentally healthy. D.Various pressures that today's young people are facing. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了完美主义给当代年轻人带来的巨大压力，并分析了完美主义出现的具体原因。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from mental illness. “；以及第二段中的”Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to organize students to talk openly about mental health.\"可知正是Malmon的哥哥Brian患上了精神病让Malmon决定创办一个研究精神病的研究小组。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的\"social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modem society…That comes from new normal situation like greater numbers of college students, national examination and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education.\"可知社交媒体不是年轻人所面临压力的唯一原因，当代社会的激烈竞争以及父母对孩子教育成功的期待都是重要原因。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 \"It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault.\"可知Malmon认为年轻人应该让人们知道精神健康方面的问题不是他们的错误，而是社会以及父母给他们带来的。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文，前两段导入话题：完美主义给年轻人带来了巨大的精神压力，人们组建了研究团队对此进行研究。第三段第一句点明主题\"What you hear often is just a need to be perfect,\" said Malmon, \"and a need to present oneself as perfect.\"下文分析了完美主义产生的具体原因，并提出了年轻人的应对方法。所以本文主要讲述的是对完美主义的研究。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

15．（2019•北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on

the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. \"Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing.\" she said, \"but the type of phytoplankton is changing.\"

（1）What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A. The various patterns at the ocean surface. B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour. C. The way light reflects off marine organisms. D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.

（2）What does the underlined word \"vulnerable\" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Sensitive B. Beneficial C. Significant D. Unnoticeable （3）What can we learn from the passage?

A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem. B. Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener. （4）What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。

（1）段落大意题。第一段“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再根据第二段中的“At the heart phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. Becaust of the way light reflects off the organisms ,these phytoplanktons create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选B。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunshine and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's wamning trend”可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters ,such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。故选D。

（4）主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century. If not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warning trendWarming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, …”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

It started during a yoga class. She felt a strange pull on her neck, a feeling completely foreign to her. Her friend suggested she rush to the emergency room. It turned out that she was having a heart attack.

She didn't share similar symptoms with someone who was likely to have a heart attack. She exercised, watched her plate and did not smoke. But on reviewing her medical history, I found that her cholesterol (胆固醇) level was sky-high. She had been prescribed a cholesterol-lowering

statin (他汀) medication, but she never picked up the prescription because of the scary things she had read about statins on the Internet. She was the victim of fake medical news.

While misinformation has been the object of great attention in politics, medical misinformation might lead to an increase in deaths. As is true with fake news in general, medical lies tend to spread further than truths on the Internet—and they have very real bad consequences. False medical information can also lead to patients experiencing greater side effects through the \"nocebo effect (反安慰剂效应) \". Sometimes patients benefit from an intervention (干预) simply because they believe they will—that's the placebo effect (安慰剂效应). The nocebo effect is the opposite. Patients can experience harmful effects because they anticipate them. This is very true of statins. In blinded trials, patients who get statins are no more likely to report feeling muscle aches than patients who get a placebo. Yet, in clinical practice, according to one study, almost a fifth of patients taking statins report side effects, leading many to discontinue the drugs. What else is on the fake news hit list? As always, vaccines (疫苗) . False concerns that the vaccine may cause side effects have greatly reduced coverage rates.

Cancer is another big target for pushers of medical misinformation—many of whom refuse alternative therapies. \"Though most people think cancer tumors are bad, they're actually the way your body attempts to contain the harmful cells,\" one fake news story reads. It warns that prescription medications lead to the uncontrolled cell mutations (变异) .

Silicon Valley needs to face this problem. I am not a free-speech lawyer, but when human health is at risk, perhaps search engines, social media platforms and websites should be held responsible for promoting or hosting fake information. Meanwhile, journalists should do a better job of spreading accurate information.

（1）We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ________. A. the woman paid little attention to her daily diets

B. the unhealthy lifestyle might lead to the woman's heart attack C. the symptom of the heart attack was familiar to the woman D. the woman didn't take the prescription due to fake medical news

（2）According to the passage, the placebo effect functions because patients ________. A. neglect necessary treatment B. discontinue the harmful drugs C. believe the benefits of an intervention D. suffer more side effects

（3）What does the author mean by claiming that \"he is not a free-speech lawyer\" in the last paragraph?

A. He is a lawyer very easy to speak to. B. He is good at speaking because of his job. C. He is available to give a speech on the law. D. He is very cautious when speaking something

（4）The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A. remind us to take medication as prescribed B. warn us against fake medical news on the Internet C. encourage journalists to report more positive news events D. teach us how to distinguish fake medical news on the Internet

【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，通过举例来论证了网络谣言，尤其是关于药物的网络谣言有巨大的杀伤力。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”...,but she never picked up the prescription because of the scary things she had read about stains on the Internet.\"她从来没有拿过这个处方，因为她在网上看到关于他汀的可怕事情，可知，由于虚假的医疗信息，这名女子没有服用那个处方药。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Sometimes patients benefit from an intervention simply because they believe they will— that's the placebo effect.”有时患者从干预中获益仅仅是因为他们相信他们会——这就是安慰剂效应，可知，安慰剂效应的作用是因为患者相信干预的好处。故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“I am not a free-speech lawyer, but when human health is at risk,perhaps search engines, social media platforms and websites should be held responsible for promoting or hosting fake information.”我不是一个言论自由的律师，但当人类健康受到威胁时，或许搜索引擎、社交媒体平台和网站应该为推广或提供虚假信息负责，可知，他不赞成随口造谣、传谣的，同时他说话很谨慎。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“As is true with fake news in general, medical lies tend to spread further than truths on the Internet—and they have very real bad consequences.”就像假新闻一样，医学上的谎言在网络上传播得比还远，而且后果非常严重；以及文章中的例子可知，全文的主要目的是通过举例来论证了网络谣言，尤其是关于药物的网络谣言有巨大的杀伤力，来教我们如何辨别网上的假医疗新闻。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。