软考英语题

71-75、Many of the activities performed during the preliminary investigation are still being conducted in（ ）, but in much greaterdepth than before. During this phase, the analyst must become fully aware of the（ ）and must develop enough knowledge about the（ ）and the existing systems to enable an effective solution to be proposed and implemented. Besides the（ ）for process and data of current system, the deliverable from this phase also includes the （ ）for the proposed system.

（71）A. analysis phase B. design phase C.implementation phase D. maintenance phase （72）A. main symptom B. root problem C.final blueprint D. data specification （73）A. hardware environment B. testing environment C. software environment D. business environment （74）A. logical models B. physical models

C. design models D. implementation models

（75）A. hardware and software specification B. system performance specification C. formal requirements definition D. general problem statement

初步调研阶段的许多活动在分析阶段仍然要做，但是会比以前更深入地做。在分析阶段，分析师一定要完全清楚最终蓝图并且开发出充分的关于业务环境知识和目前系统的知识以使一个有效的解决方案被提交和实施。除了当前系统的过程和数据的逻辑模型，这一阶段的产出物还包括建议系统的正式需求定义。

71A, 72B, 73D, 74A, 75C

2009下

71、The ( ) process ascertains which risks have the potential of affecting the project and documenting the risks' characteristics． A．Risk Identification

B．Quantitative Risk Analysis C．Qualitative Risk Analysis D．Risk Monitoring and Control

72、The strategies for handling risk comprise of two main types：negative risks, and

positive risks. The goal of the plan is to minimize threats and maximize opportunities．When dealing with negative risks，there are three main response strategies ( )，Transfer ,Mitigate ． A．Challenge B．Exploit C．Avoid D．Enhance 73、（ ）is a property of object-oriented software by which an abstract operation may be performed in different ways in different classes． A．Method B．Polymorphism

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C．Inheritance D．Encapsulation

74、The Unified Modeling Language is a standard graphical language for modeling object-oriented software．（ ）can show the behavior of systems in terms of how objects interact with each other．

A．Class diagram B．Component diagram C．Sequence diagram D．Use case diagram

75、 The creation of a work breakdown structure（WBS）is the process of（ ）the major project deliverables．

A．subdividing B．assessing C．planning D．integrating

2010上

71、（ ）assesses the priority of identified risks using their probability of occurring, the corresponding impact on project objectives if the risks do occur, as well as other factors such as the time frame and risk tolerance of the project constraints of cost, schedule, scope, and quality. A. Quantitative Risk Analysis B. Qualitative Risk Analysis C. Enterprise Environmental Factors D. Risk Management Plan

定性风险分析利用风险发生概率、风险一旦发生对项目产生的影响以及其他因素(如时间框架和项目制约条件，即成本、进度、范围、质量的风险承受度水平)，对已识别风险进行优先级的评估。选项 A 是定量风险分析，选项 B 是定性风险分析，选项 C 是企业环境因素，选项 D是风险管理计划。故 B 是正确的。 72、（ ）describes, in detail, the project’s deliverables and the work required to create those deliverables.

A. Product scope description B. Project objectives C. Stakeholder Analysis D. The project scope statement

项目范围说明书详细描述项目的可交付成果和为了提交这些可交付成果而必须开展的工作。选项 A 是产品范围说明书，选项 B 是项目目标，选项 C 是干系人分析，选项 D 是项目范围说明书。故 D 是正确的。

73-75、 Fair and（ ）competition in government procurement around the world is good business and good public policy. Competitive pricing, product（ ）and performance improvements result from competitive practices and help ensure that government authorities get the best（ ）for the public they serve. （73）A. open B. continue C. dependent D. reliable （74）A. recession B. innovation C. crisis D. ability （75）A. help B. server C. value D. policy

在世界各地的采购中，采用公平、公开的竞争是良好的贸易和良好的公共。富有竞争力的价格、产品的创新和绩效的提高源于竞争性实践活动，并有助于确保为公众提供最有价值的服务。

试题(73)：选项 A 是公开的，选项 B 是持续的，选项 C 是依靠的，选项 D 是可靠的。故 A 是正确的。

试题(74)：选项 A 是倒退，选项 B 是创新，选项 C 是危机，选项 D 是能力。故 B是正确的。

试题(75)：选项 A 是帮助，选项 B 是服务，选项 C 是价值，选项 D 是。故 C是正

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确的。

2010下

、Project schedule management is made up of six management processes including: activity definition, activity sequencing, ( ) , and schedule control by order．

A．activity duration estimating, schedule developing, activity resource estimating B．activity resource estimating, activity duration estimating, schedule development C．schedule developing, activity resource estimating, activity duration estimating D．activity resource estimating, schedule developing, activity duration estimating

项目时间管理过程包括：活动定义、活动排序、活动的资源估算、活动历时估算、制定进度计划及进度控制六个步骤。

72、Many useful tools and techniques are used in developing schedule. ( ) is a schedule network analysis technique that modifies the project schedule to account for limited resource． A．PERT B．Resource levelling C．Schedule compression D．Critical chain method

73、Changes may be requested by any stakeholder involved with the project, but changes can be authorized only by ( )． A．executive IT manager B．project manger C．change control board 变更控制委员会 D．project sponsor

PERT方法能协调整个计划的各道工序，通过描绘出项目包含的各种活动的先后次序，标明每项活动的时间或相关的成本，合理安排人力、物力、时间、资金，加速计划的完成； Schedule compression进度压缩，是通过赶工、快速跟进等方法压缩工期，是在不改变项目范围条件下缩短项目进度的途径；

Critical chain method关键路径法计算所有计划活动理论上的最早开始与完成时间、最迟开始与完成时间，寻找活动的关键路径，通过调整关键路径进行进度制定； Resource levelling资源平衡是根据有限资源调整项目进度的方法。

74、 Configuration management system can be used in defining approval levels for authorizing changes and providing a method to validate approved changes．( ) is not a project configuration management tool．

A．Rational Clearcase B．Quality Function Deployment C．Visual SourceSafe D．Concurrent Versions System

配置管理(Configuration Management，CM)是通过技术或行政手段对软件产品及其开发过程和生命周期进行控制、规范的一系列措施。配置管理的目标是记录软件产品的演化过程，确保软件开发者在软件生命周期中各个阶段都能得到精确的产品配置。 ****

配置管理的目的在于运用配置标识、配置控制、配置状态统计和配置审计，建立和维护工作产品的完整性。常用的配置管理工具有Visual SourceSafe、Rational Clearcase，以及Concurrent Versions System等。控制软件

CVS（Concurrent Versions System）大多已经转向SVN VSS(Micorosoft Visual SourceSafe) SVN(Subversion) Git

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TFS（Team Foundation Server） Mercurial

ClearCase(IBM Rational ClearCase) Perforce(Perforce)

SourceSafe for SQL Server

Quality Function Deployment质量功能展开是把顾客或市场的要求转化为设计要求、零部件特性、工艺要求、生产要求的多层次演绎分析方法，与配置管理无关，所以选B。

75、Creating WBS means subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller components until the deliverables are defined to the ( ) level．

A．independent resource B．individual work load C．work milestone D．work package_

WBS工作分解结构是面向可交付物的层次性分析结构，是对完成项目目标、创造可交付物所需执行的项目工作的分解。WBS把项目工作细分为更小、更易管理的工作单元，随着WBS层次的降低，意味着项目工作也越来越详细，直到工作包work package的层次。

资源independent resource、个人工作负荷individual work load以及工作里程碑work milestone都不是WBS分解的最小层级，因此选D。

2011上

71-73、Documentation of a software package is normally produced for two purposes、One is to explain the( ) of the software and describe how to use them、This is known as( )because it is designed to be read by the user of the software、The other purpose of documentation is to describe the software’s internal composition so that the system can be maintained later in its lifecycle、Documentation of this type is knownas ( )、

（71）A、plans B、cost C、features D、schedules （72）A、system documentation B、user documentation

C、vender documentation D、product documentation （73）A、system documentation B、user documentation

C、vender documentation D、license documentation \"

74、Project selection methods involve measuring value or attractiveness to the project owner or sponsor and may include other organizational decision criteria、( )is not a project selection method、

A、Benefit contribution B、Expert judgment C、Scoring models D、Flow charting

75、Precedence Diagramming Method(PDM) is a method used in activity sequencing、There are four types of dependencies or precedence relationships in PDM、 The initiation of the successor activity depends upon the completion of the predecessor activity is called( )

A、Finish-to-Start B、Finish-to-Finish C、Start-to-Start D、Start-to-Finish

74. 正确答案D

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解析：参考译文：项目选择方法包括测量项目业主的价值和吸引力，并可能包括组织层面其他决策准则。流程图（Flow charting）不是一个项目选择方法。

A选项是收益分析，B选项是专家判断，C选项是平分模型，D选项是流程图\"

75. 正确答案A

解析：参考译文：前导图法（PDM）是用在活动排序过程的技术之一，PDM包括4种活动依赖（或前导）关系，后续活动的开始依赖于前置活动的完成，这称之为结束——开始（F-S）的关系

2011下

71、Quality planning tools are often used to help plan effective quality management activities、 ( )is one of such tools, which involves company actual or planned project practices to those or other projects to generate ideas for improvement and to provide a basis by which to measure performance、

A、Benchmarking B、Quality metric C、Quality checklist D、Brainstorming ：参考译文：制定项目质量计划的工具有助于质量计划活动的编制。基准分析（Benchmarking ）是其工具之一，它是指将项目的实际做法或计划做法与其他项目的实践相比较，从而产生改进的思路并提出度量绩效的标准。

B选项为质量度量，C选项为质量检查表，D选项为头脑风暴法

72、A ( )is a collection of projects and other work that are grouped together to facilitate effect -ive management of that work to meet strategic business objectives、 A、program B、portfolio C、project of large size D、PMO

参考译文：项目组合就是为达到战略业务目标的一组项目的投资组合（portfolio），以促进这些工作的有效管理。

A选项为程序、方法、计划、议程等，C选项为大型项目，D选项为项目管理办公室

73、In the process of communication requirement analysis, the project manager should consider the number of potential communication channels or paths as an indicator of the complexity of a project’s communication、 According toMetcalfe’s Law, a project with 10 stakeholders has( )potential communication channels、

A、10 B、45 C、50 D、100

74、There are strategies typically deal with threats or risk that may have negative impacts on project objectives if they occur, some other strategies are suggested to deal with risks with potentially positive impacts、 ( )is a risk response strategy that may be adopted for either threats or opportunities、

A、share B、Mitigate C、Transfer D、Acceptance

：参考译文：一部分策略用于应对威胁或可能给项目目标带来消极影响的风险；另一部分策略用于处理对项目目标有潜在积极影响的风险，接受（Acceptance）是一个既可用来应对威胁，也可用来应对机会的风险应对策略。 A选项：风险；B选项：减轻；C选项：转移

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75、The parties to government procurement refer to the principal entities of all kinds that enjoy rights and undertake obligations in government procurement, including the procuring entities,the ( )and the procuring agencies、

A、users B、servers C、producers D、suppliers 参考译文：采购当事人是指在采购活动中享有权利和承担义务的各类主体，包括采购人、供应商（suppliers）和采购代理机构等

选项A为用户，选项B为服务器，选项C为生产者

2012上

71、The connection between two networks to from an Internet is handled by a machine known as a（ ）

A、bridge B、server C、router D、switch 72、The TCP protocol is a ( ) layer protocol

A、physical B、network C、transport D、application 73、An example of scope verification is ( )

A、review the performance ofan installed software module B、managing changes to the projectschedule

C、decomposing the WBS to a workpackage level

D、performing a benefit/cost analysis to determineif we should proceed with the project

74、Your project is behind schedule due toconflict between team members Having resolved the conflict,to get the projectback on schedule , you should consider ( ) A、crashing the schedule

B、performing resource leveling

C、conducting reverse resourceallocation scheduling D、utilizing the critical chairresources

75、You have just taken control of aproject in the middle of execution and need to learn who has approval authorityfor revisions in scope ( ) document provides this information A、Resource assignment matrix B、Change control plan

C、Project charter D、Client organization chart

2012下

71、Your company CEO just sent you an E-mail asking you to make a … on your project , which has been in progress for 10 months , to all Identified internal and external stakeholders. He scheduled the presentation for next Monday. You expect more than 50 people to attend. The first step in preparing the presentation is to ( ).

6

A. define the audience B. determine the objective

C. decide on the general form of the presentation D. plan a presentation strategy

你负责的项目已经进行了 10 个月，某天，公司的 CEO 给你发了一封电子邮件，要你向所有的、确定的、内部和外部的干系人报告项目当前的情况，报告的时间定在了下周一，你预计可能会有 50 多人出席。报告准备的第一 步是确定目标。 A：明确报告的听众 B：确定目标

C：确定报告的总体格式 D：设计一个报告战略

72、A data warehouse is a subject-oriented data set used for reporting and analusis. Data warehouses can be subdivided into ( ). Which store subsets of data from a warehouse.

A. OLTPs B. transactions C. data sarts D. OLAPs 数据仓库是一个面向主题的用于报告和分析的数据集。数据仓库可以细分为数据集市，即从一个仓库中存储数据的子集。 A：联机事务处理 B：交易 C：数据集市 D：联机分析处理

73、The communication management plan determines the information and communications needs of the stakeholders. In the following statements related to communication management plan. ( ) is false.

A. The communication management plan is contained in or is a subsidiary plan of, the project management plan.

B. The communication management plan can be formal or informal, highly detailed or broadly framed, and based on the needs of the project.

C. The communication management plan organize and summarize the information gathered, and present the results of any analysis as compared the performance measurement baseline.

D. The communication management plan can include guidelines project status meetings, project team meetings, e-meetines, and e-mail

沟通管理计划用于确定项目千系人的信息需求和沟通方法，以下关于沟通管理计划的叙述中，错误的是：沟通

管理计划定期收集、对比和分析基准与实际数据，以便了解和沟通项目进展与绩效情况。 A：沟通管理计划是项目管理计划的一部分或子计划

B：沟通管理计划可以根据项目需求是正式或非正式的、非常详细或高度概括的。

C：沟通管理计划定期收集、对比和分析基准与实际数据，以便了解和沟通项目进展与绩效情况。 D：沟通管理计划可包括关于状态会议、项目团队回忆、网络会议和电子邮件等的指南。 74、Stakeholder management refers to managing communications to satisfy needs of, and resolve issues with, project stakeholders. The ( ) is useful responsible

7

for stakeholder management.

A.PMO B.CIO C.CCB D.PM

项目干系人管理是指为满足干系人的需要而与之沟通，并解决所发生的问题，通常，项目经理(PM)负责项目干系人管理。 A：项目管理办公室 B：首席信息官

C：变更控制委员会。 D：项目经理

75、The most crucial time for project risk assessment is ( ). A. when a problem surfaces B. during the planning phase C. during the close-out phase

D. after the project schedule has been published 进行项目风险评估最关键的时候是：规划阶段 A：问题出现时 B：规划阶段 C：结束阶段

D：项目进度公布后

2013上

71、（ ）is the process of documenting, analyzing, tracing, prioritizing on requirements and then controlling change and communicating to stakeholders. it is a continuous process throughout a project

A、integrated management B、configuration management C、scope management D、requirement management

（）是一个过程，该过程用来对需求进行记录、分析、跟踪、优先级排序并确认、然后进行变更控制并与干系人联系。它是一个贯穿于项目始终的连续过程。 A. 整体管理 B. 配置管理 C. 范围管理 D. 需求管理 72、（ ）is a collection of data sets, which is so large and complex that is because difficult to process using on hand database management tools or traditional data processing applications A、big data B、cluster

C、parallel computing D、data warehouse

（）是一个数据集合，它是如此庞大和复杂，使得很难使用一般的数据库管理工具或传统的数据处理应用程序中对它进行处理。 A. 大数据 B. 集群

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C. 并行计算 D. 数据仓库

73、In requirements engineering, requirements elicitation is the practice of collecting the requirements of a system from users, customers and other stakeholders. Is the following practices（ ）is rarely used in requirements elicitation A、brain storming B、interview

C、questionnaire D、Monte Carlo analysis 在需求工程中，需求获取是从用户、客户和其他干系人中选择系统需求的过程。下列方法中，（）不是需求获取的方法。 A. 头脑风暴法 B. 会谈 C. 调差问卷 D. 蒙特卡洛法

74、Software configuration management (SCM) is the task of tracking and controlling changes in the software, Configuration management practices include configuration identification, change control,( ) and configuration audit.

A. milestones marking B. status reporting C. stakeholder management C. quality audit 75、（ ）is responsible for the attraction, selection, training, assessment , and rewarding of employers, while also overseeing organizational leadership and culture and ensuring compliance with employment and labor laws

A、human resource management B、strategic analysis C、team management D、RACI

（）用来吸引、选择、培训、考核以及奖励员工，同时负责组织领导和企业文化，并确保组织遵守相关雇佣和劳动法。 A. 人力资源管理 B. 策略分析 C. 团队建设 D. RACI

RACI：是一个相对直观的模型，用以明确组织变革过程中的各个角色及其相关责任。

2013下

71、Each machine in the internet is assigned a unique network address, called（ ）,that is used

to identify the machine for communication purposes A、MAC address B、IP address C、host address D、domain name address

在互联网上的每个机器都被分配了一个IP地址，这个地址是用来和其他机器通信的。 72、Information, in its most restricted technical sense, is a seque of symbols that can be interpreted

as a message. information can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as（ ）

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A、symbols B、message C、signals D、wave 信息是用来代表消息的，可以被标记，或者是以信号的方式传输

73、The uncertainty of an event is measured by its probability of occurrence and is inversely proportional to that. The more uncertain an event is. The more information is required to resolve

uncertainty of that event. The amount of information is measured in （ ） A、possibility B、bits C、bps D、probability 一个事件的不确定性的测量是通过其发生的概率是成反比的。是更加不确定事件。需要更多的信息来解决该事件的不确定性。以比特的信息量。

74、A（ ）is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. It illustrates the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. A、gantt chart B、project histogram C、milestone chart D、project flowchart

A是甘特图，B是项目直方图，C是里程碑图，D是项目流程图

75、The intention of the（ ）is to schedule, organize and control all activities to achieve the

project goal eventually. no matter how difficult it is and what kind of risks are there. A、project work breakdown B、project security authentication C、project management D、project flowchart

项目管理的目的就是计划，组织和控制项目的活动来达到最终的目的。

2014上

71、All of the following are functions of CRM system except （ ） ． A．automation procurement B．automation sales

C．automation marketing D．automation customer service

72、all the following tools and techniques are helpful to accurately confirming customers needs,except （ ） ．

A．questionnaires B．prototyping approaches C．fishbone diagrams D．interviews

73、74、Requirements management is the process of （ ） ，analyzing，tracing，

prioritizing and agreeing on requirements and then controlling changes and communicating to relevant stakeholders．It is a （ ） process throughout a project．A requirement is a capability to which a project outcome（product or service）should conform. （73）A．communicating B．collecting C．filing D．documenting （74）A．persistent B．continuing C．permanent D．continuous

75、setting redundant components in subsystem to handle with the risks brought by the defaults of original components,what kind of risk response strategy is this?（ ）． A．risk avoidance B．risk acceptance C．risk mitigation D．contingency plan

10

2014下

71、The following diagram is （ ）network topology structure． A．bus B．star C．ring D．tree

72、The main types of social networking services are those that contain category places (such as former

school year or classmates), means to connect with friends (usually with self-description pages), and a recommendation system linked to （）.

A．net B．interests C．other D．trust

73、some team leaders think that the only way to （ ）their team is through cash incentives.

However research proves that money is the last thing you would want to use

A．arouse

B．encourage C．incite D．motivate

74、In the （ ） phase team members begin to work together and adjust their work habits and behaviors to support the team. The team learns to trust each other

A．storming B．performing C．norming D．adjourning

75、the ( ) is primarily concerned with acceptance of the deliverables.while quality

control is primarily concerned with correctness of the deliverables and meeting the quality requirements specified for the deliverables A、verify scope B、define scope C、quality assurance D、validate scope

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2015上

71、wireless LAN, also widely known as WLAN or WIFI, is probably the most well-known member of the IEEE802 protocol family for home users today .It is standardized by（ ）and shares many properties with wired Ethernet

A、IEEE 802.1 B、IEEE 802.3 C、IEEE 802.5 D、IEEE 802.11

无线局域网（被广泛称之为WLAN或WIFI）是人们最为熟悉的IEEE802协议族。它由（）协议定义标准并具备许多有限局域网的特性。 A、IEEE 802.1 B、IEEE 802.3 C、IEEE 802.5 D、IEEE 802.11

72、When multiple routers are used in interconnected networks, the routers exchange information about（ ）using a dynamic routing protocol A、destination addresses B、IP addresses C、work addresses D、router addresses

当接入网络存在多个路由器时，路由器利用动态路由协议交换（）信息 A、目的地址 B、IP地址 C、工作地址 D、路由地址

73、Before a project schedule can be created ,the schedule maker should have a（ ）,an effort estimate for each task, and a resource list with availability for each resource A、work breakdown structure B、baseline C、software requirements specification D、plan 制定项目进度计划之前，制定计划者需要（）、各任务的工作量估计以及可能得到的资源列表

A、分解结构 B、基线 C、软件需求描述 D、计划

74、Establishing a project management timetable involves listing milestones, activities ,and（ ）with intended start and finish dates, of which the scheduling of employees may be an element A、relationships B、resources C、stakeholders D、deliverables 74. 参： D

建立项目管理的时间表需要里程碑列表、各活动、以及含有估计开始和结束时间的（），其中员工的调度被看作为元素。 A，关系 B，资源 C，干系人 D，可交付物

75、The following diagram denotes dependency between two activities A and B,It says（ ）

A、B can’t start before A is finished

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B、B can’t finish before A is finished C、B can’t start before A starts D、B can’t finish before A starts 75. 参： A

下图表示的活动A与B的依赖关系可以描述为（）

A、A结束前B不能开始 B、A结束前B不能结束 C、A开始前B不能开始 D、A开始前B不能结束

2015下

71、In an Information system. The（ ） is the bridge between hardware and

people

A、keyboard B、internet C、disk D、data

72、Cloud-computing providers offer their “services” according to different models, which happen to form a stack（ ）, platform as a service (Paas), software as a service (SaaS) A、hardware as a service (Haas) B、network as a service (NaaS) C、infrastructure as a service (IaaS) D、data as a service (DaaS)

73、（ ）estimating is a technique for estimating the duration or cost of an

activity ou project using historical data from a similar activity or project. A、Parametric B、Analogous

C、Three-point D、Expert judgment

74、Schedule compression shortens the project schedule without changing the

project scope, to meet schedule constraints, imposed dates, or other schedule objectives. Schedule compression techniques include crashing and （ ） A、fast tracking

B、what-if scenario analysis C、resource leveling D、critical chain method

75、If the approved change requests have an effect on the project scope, then

the corresponding component documents and cost baselines, and（ ） of the project management plan. Are revised and reissued to reflect the approved changes

A、developing baselines B、testing baselines C、schedule baselines D、ending baselines

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