宾语从句

I like my mother. I enjoy playing basketball. I decide to study hard. She asked whose answer was right. I know him. I know (that) Miss Wang teaches English.

由that引导的宾语从句：That 在句中无词汇含义，不充当句子成分，常省略。 I hear (that) he is singsing in his room. She told me (that) she would go to Beijing. Do you know (that) she would go to Beijing? 由if和whether引导的宾语从句

由连接代词（which，who等）和连接 副词（when,where等）引导的宾语从句

She asked who would answer the question. Let's see what is happening now

Do you know whom they are waiting for? She asked whose bikewas best in the class. She doesn't know whichis the best answer.

I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。

1. I don't know _____ he will come tomorrow. ____ he comes, I'll tell you． A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come

3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where

4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _________.

A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking

C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _________ now?

A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _________?

A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves

8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?

A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are s9. John asked me ____ to visit his uncle’s farm with him. A. how would I like B. if or not would I like C. whether I would like C. which I would like 10. Tom said he ____ back in a week. A. will come B. would come C. come

II. 按要求转换句型。

1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子） →Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China? 2. \"Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句） →He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．

3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子） _________ Jim _________Tom is a student.

4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _________ the train _________. 5. He asked the boy, “Who are you?”(转化为间接宾语) __________________________________

6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)

Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday. 7. The old man said, “I don’t know where to go.’ (转化为间接宾语) ____________________________________________

I. 1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD II. 1. if／whether; enjoys 2. if／whether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. didn't; until 6. whether; came 直接引语与间接引语

直接引语：当我们引用别人的话时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部分叫做直接引语。

间接引语：当我们引用别人的话时，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。 直接引语构成步骤：

 只需将原话放在引号之中，不做任何改动。（引号内的首字母要大写）  没有时态呼应的问题。

She said, “I like music very much.”(直接引语) 她说，“我非常喜欢英语”。 间接引语的构成步骤：

 不需要逗号、冒号、引号。  要考虑人称和时态的变化。

 要考虑时间状语，地点状语和指示代词的变化。

She said she liked music very much.(间接引语) 她说她非常喜欢英语。

直接引语变间接引语时：

1)．人称变化：(找准被引用的这句话的主语)

She said, “I like music very much.”

My teacher asked me, “How long have you spent in practicing these days?” My teacher asked me how long I had spent in practicing these days.

注意：间接引语中人称不需要变的情况：主句中动词的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称保持不变。

I said, “He can speak English very well.” I said that he could speak English very well.

We say, “You did quite well yesterday.”

We say that you had done quite well the day before.

2).时态变化

直接引语中的时态

间接引语中的时态

一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时，现在完成时间 过去完成时 一般将来是 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 Shall should Should should Will would ……

She said, “I like maths very much”.(一般现在时)

She said that she liked maths very much.（一般过去时） He said, “I’ve never seen this man”.(现在完成时)

He said that he had never seen that man.（过去完成时） Joe said, “I am listening to music in my room”.(现在进行时)

Joe said that he was listening to music in his room.（过去进行时） 注意：间接引语中时态不需要变的情况：

1.当主句的时态是现在的时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时）或将来时时，间接引语中时态不变。 He says, “I’m tired.” He says he is tired.

He will say, “The girl was very beautiful.”

He will tell you that the girl was very beautiful.

2. 当引语表示一般真理或客观事实时，转化为间接引语时时态不变，并且要使用一般现在时。

He asked, ”Which star is the biggest? ” He asked which star is the biggest.

My father told me, “It’s important for kids to study.” My father told me it’s important for kids to study. 3. 过去完成时在间接引语中仍为过去完成时。 She said, “I had lived here for 10 years.” She said that she had lived here for 10 years. 4. John said, “My son is still ill today.”

John told me that his son is still ill today.(强调动作或状态仍然存在) John told me that his son was ill that day.

5. 当直接引语中的一般过去时与表示过去特定的时间状语连用时，时态不变。 He said, “I was born in 1990 and joined the army in 2008.”

He said that he was born in 1990 and joined the army in 2008.

3).时间状语、地点状语、和指示代词的变化

直接引语中的状语、指示代词

间接引语中的状语、指示代词

today that day yesterday the day before tomorrow the next day next week/month/year the next week/month/year last week/month/year the week/month/year before in 2008 in 2008 now/so far then/by then here there this/these that/those Mary said, “I’ll finish the work this afternoom”. Mary said she would finish the work that afternoom.

直宾变间宾：

1). 引用的句子是陈述句时，只需要再陈述句前加连词that,它在句子中不充当任何成分，常常省略。

The girl said to me, “Money can give a kid a sense of independence”.

The girl said to me (that) Money could give a kid a sense of independence.

2). 引用的句子是一般疑问句时，要把一般疑问句转化成陈述句，并在句子前面加上if/whether.

I asked her, “Did you visit the museum two days ago?”

I asked her if/whether she had visited the museum two days before. My friend Lily asked me, “Do you want to go swimming today?”

My friend Lily asked me if/whether I wanted to go swimming that day.

3). 引用的句子是特殊疑问句时，语序要转化为陈述句语序，并以疑问词开头。 Mary asked me, “What is she doing here?” Mary asked me what she was doing there.

My teacher asked me, “How long have you spent in practicing these days?” My teacher asked me how long I had spent in practicing these days.

4). 引用的句子是反意疑问句时，要把它看成一般疑问句：即句型为陈述句，在句子前面加if/whether,往往后面还要加上or not， 常用whether…or not。 She cried, “You have made a big mistake, haven’t you?” She cried whether I had make a big mistake or not.

5). 引用的句子是祈使句时，间接引语要改用动词不定式。

Mrs. Green said to me, “Sit down, please.” Mrs. Green asked me to sit down. My teacher said, “sit down.” My teacher told me to sit down.

Joe said, “Don’t make so much noise,boys.” Joe order the boys not to make so much noise.

6). 若直接引语表示请求语气，间接引语的引述动词用ask;若直接引语表示命令语气，间接引语的引述动词用tell或order. 引用的句子是感叹句时，句型不变。 He said, “What a clever boy he is!” He said what a clever boy he was. She said, “How interesting the film is!” She said how interesting the film was.