1. above/ over/ on
这三个介词都表示“在……之上”,但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上,和某物接触;above 指在某物的上方,不和某物接触,但也不一定在某物的正上方;over指在某物的正上方,不和某物接触。
There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。
I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。
There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。
2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”,实际上还没做;forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”,实际上已经做过了。
I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。
I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了,我却忘了。
类似的词还有:remember, regret等。
3. hope/wish hope和wish
在汉语中都有“希望”的意思,但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下:
(1wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望;hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。
例如: I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。
I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。
I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿天气不这麽冷。
I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。
(2wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构,而hope不可以。
例如: Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来?
4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth.
(1be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求,意思是“务必”,也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断,意思是“一定”,“肯定”。
Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。
It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影,你肯定会喜欢的。
(2be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。
例如: I’m sure of his success.我相信他会成功。
I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情,但我没有把握。
5. hear from/hear of
hear意思是“听到”,从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如:
I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow. 我听小吴说,我们明天开始军训。
hear from还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”(=receive a letter from sb.。例如: I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。
I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。
hear of和和hear from含义不同。hear of意思是“听说”,“得知”(某事或某人的存在,常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如:
Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是谁?我从来没有听说过他。
I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。
6. It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.
It’s a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语,意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如: ---Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地帮助。
---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。
类似的话还有“Not at all.”“You are welcome.”“That’s all right.”
With pleasure也用作客气的答语,主要用在别人要你做某事,而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如:
---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?
请你把报纸递给我好吗?
---With pleasure. 当然可以。
7. seem/look
(1二者都可以作“看起来”讲,但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断,这种判断往往接近事实;look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be+形容词和as if
从句。如: He seems / looks (to be very happy today. 他今天看起来很高兴。 It looks (seems as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。
(2但下列情况中只用seem不用look:
1后跟不定式to do时。如:
He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。
2在It seems that ...结构中。如:
It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。
8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for
(1be ready to do和be ready for…表示“已作好…的准备”,强调状态
(2get ready to do和get ready for…表示“为…做准备”,强调行为。如:
I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。
I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。
He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准备动身去东京。
Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。
(3be ready to do 通常可理解“乐于做某事”,即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready to do 表示“不轻易做某事”。如:
He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。
9. at table/at the table
at table在吃饭,at the table在桌子旁边。例如: The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。
10. reach, arrive/get to
三者都有\"到达\"之意。reach是及物动词,后直接加名词,get和arrive是不及物动词,不能直接加名词,须借助于介词。get to后加名词地点,若跟副词地点时,to去掉;
arrive at +小地方,arrive in+大地方。如:
Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8点前到了动物园。
When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何时到上海的?
It was late when I got home. 我到家时天色已晚。
11. sick/ill
二者都是形容词。当“生病的,患病“之意时,ill只作表语,不作定语;而sick既可作表语也可作定语。sick有\"呕吐,恶心\"的意思,只能作表语,而ill无此意。如:
Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表语李磊上周生病了。
He's a sick man. (作定语他是病人。不能说成:He's an ill man.
My grandfather was sick for a month last year. (作表语我祖父去年病了一个月。
12. in time/on time
in time是\"及时\"的意思,on time是\"准时,按时\"。如: I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我没有及时赶上汽车。 We'll finish our job on time. 我们要按时完成任务。
13. may be/maybe
It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中may be是情态动词+be 动词构成的谓语部分,意思是\"也许是\
可能是\";第二句中的maybe是副词,意思是\"可能\常位于句首,不能位于句中,相当于另一副词perhaps。再如: Maybe you put it in that bag.也许你放在了那只包里。(不能说You maybe put it in that bag.
It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。(不能说It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.
14. noise/ voice/ sound
noise 指嘈杂声,噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音,嗓音,嗓子。
sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如:
Don't make so much noise! 别那么大声喧哗!
I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone. 在电话里我听不出约翰的声音。
He spoke in a low voice. 他低声说话。
We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。
Sound travels fast, but light travels faster. 声音传得快,但是光传得更快。
15. bring/take
Bring表示“带来、拿来”,指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则表示“拿去、带走”,它表示的方向与bring相反,指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如: Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。
Take some food to the old man. 给那位老人带去些食物。
16.somebody/ anybody/nobody
一般说来,somebody用于定句,anybody用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如: Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出来时有人来见你。
Does anybody live on this island? 有人在这岛上住吗?
I didn't see anybody there. 我在那儿谁也没看见。
Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 别让任何人进来。我太忙,谁也不想见。There is nobody in the room. 房间里没人。
Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it . 谁也没告诉我你病了。所以我不知道。
17. listen, listen to, hear 这三个词意思都是“听” ,但是它们的用法不完全相同。
它们的区别在于: (1listen 只用于不 及物动词,后面接人或人物做宾语,着重于“倾听” ,指的是有意识的动作,至于是否听到, 并非强调的重点。如: Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 听!有人在教室唱歌。 (2listen to 为 listen 的 及 物 形 式 , 后 面 一 定 要 接 人 或 物 做 宾 语 , 这 里 的 to 是 介 词 。 如: Do you like listening to light music?你喜欢听轻音乐吗? (3hear 可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,意思是“听到、听见” ,指用耳朵听到了某个 声音, 表示无意识的动作, 着重于听的能力和结果。 如:We hear with our ears.我们用耳朵听。 She listens but hears nothing.她听了听,但是什么也没有听见。 18. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little (1many 修饰可数名词,much 修饰不可数名词;都表示许多。例如: He has many books.他有许多书。 He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。 (2a few 和 a little 都表示\"有一点儿\", 侧重于肯定, 相当于\"some\", 但 a few 修 饰可数名词, a little 修饰不可数名词,例如: He has a few friends in London.他在伦敦有一些朋友。 Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝点咖啡好吗?好的,只要一点。 (3few 和 little 表示\"几乎没有\",侧重否定。few 后接可数名词,little 后接不可数名词。例 如 : He is a strange man. He has few words. 他 是 个 怪 人 , 他 几 乎 不 说 什 么 话。 Hurry up, there is little time left.赶快,没什么时间了。 19. either/ neither/ both either 可作形容词,一般指\"两者中的任何一个\"。有时也可表示\"两个都„„\"的意思,后跟名 词的单数形式;neither: 指两者中没有一个,全否定;both: 指两者都,肯定。句中可作主语、 宾语和定语,both 后面应跟名词的复数形式。如: Neither of the films is good.两部电影都不好。 (没有一部是好的) Either of the films is good. 两部电影都不错。 (谓语动词用单数)
Both the teachers often answer the questions.这两个老师都常常解答问题。 20.
take part in/join take part in 参加某种活动; join 参加, 加入某一政党或组织。 例如:Can you take part in my party. 你能来参加我的派对吗? We often take part in many school activities. 我 们 经 常 参 加 学 校 里 的 一 些 活 动。 He joined the party in 1963. 他 1963 年入的党。 My little brother joined the army last year. 我小弟去年参的军。 21. quite/ rather/ very (1quite 表示程度“很,十分,完全地” , “相当” 。如: She is quite right.她对极了。 That's not quite what I want . 那并不完全是我所要的。 (2rather 表示程度上的“相当” ,比预想地程度要大,通常用在不喜欢的情况下。如: It's rather cold today.今天的天气相当冷。 (3very 表示程度“很,甚,极其,非常” ,用于修饰形容词或副词,既可用在喜欢的情况下, 也可用于不喜欢的情况下。 应注意 “a very +形容词+可数名词的单数” 结构中, \"a\"应置于\"very\" 之前,该结构相当“quite a/an +形容词+名词”的结构。如: Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 两个月是一段很长的时间。 It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天气很好。